1. Marching Towards War
Ch. 13 sec. 1

2. I. Rising tensions in Europe A. The Rise of Nationalism
1. Nationalism can serve as a unifying force w/in a country but it can cause intense competition among nations

3. I. Rising tensions in Europe A. The Rise of Nationalism
2. By the 20th century Germany, Austria-Hungary, England, Russia, Italy, & France were all rivals due to industrialization and imperialism

4. I. Rising tensions in Europe A. The Rise of Nationalism
3. In the Balkans, nationalism among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians led to desires of independence

5. I. Rising tensions in Europe B. Imperialism & Militarism
1. By 1914, all great powers except Britain had large armies with the belief that they needed to be easily mobilized for war
2. Militarism-the policy of glorifying military power & keeping an army prepared for war

6. I. Rising tensions in Europe B. Imperialism & Militarism
3. The quest for colonies pushed European nations to the brink of war

7. II. Tangled Alliances A. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts
1. Otto von Bismarck, Prussia’s blood & iron Chancellor used war to unify Germany but had declared Germany a satisfied country after 1871

8. A. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts
2. Believed that France still wanted revenge for losing the Franco-Prussian wars
3. Formed Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy

9. II. Tangled Alliances B. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
1. Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Bismarck to resign so he can have all the power & is eager to show the world Germany’s might

10. II. Tangled Alliances B. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
2. Germany allowed its treaty w/ Russia to expire forcing Russia to make an alliance with France putting enemies on two sides of Germany...Bismarck’s fear

11. II. Tangled Alliances B. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
3. In 1907 Britain made an alliance with France & Russia for protections against Germany; this alliance being called the Triple Entente

12. II. Tangled Alliances B. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
4. A dispute between any opposing country of the two alliances would force all to fight

13. III. Crisis in the Balkans A. A Restless Region
1. Groups in the Balkans begin to form new nations-Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, & Serbia; Areas where the Ottoman Empire began losing ground

14. A. A Restless Region
2. In 1908 Austria took over Bosnia & Herzegovina which were two Balkan areas w/ large Slavic populations
3. Serbs vowed to take Bosnia & Herzegovina back from Austria

15. III. Crisis in the Balkans A. A Restless Region
4. Austria crushed the Serbian effort to undermine its authority in the Balkans