1. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Why you should study a course on “Combustion” Introduction of the Combustion

2. Indian Institute of Technology BombayContents 85% of the total energy comes from combustion sources Coal Solid fuel(~20 – 25%) Coal Solid fuel(~20 – 25%) Natural gasGaseous fuel(~ 20 – 25%) Natural gasGaseous fuel(~ 20 – 25%) Kerosene and dieselLiquid fuel(~40%) Kerosene and dieselLiquid fuel(~40%) Definition of the combustionDefinition of the combustion Application the CombustionApplication the Combustion The Object of the Combustion ResearchThe Object of the Combustion Research - Relation to the other studies - Relation to the other studies - Research methods - Research methods Current issuesCurrent issues 85% of the total energy comes from combustion sources Coal Solid fuel(~20 – 25%) Coal Solid fuel(~20 – 25%) Natural gasGaseous fuel(~ 20 – 25%) Natural gasGaseous fuel(~ 20 – 25%) Kerosene and dieselLiquid fuel(~40%) Kerosene and dieselLiquid fuel(~40%) Definition of the combustionDefinition of the combustion Application the CombustionApplication the Combustion The Object of the Combustion ResearchThe Object of the Combustion Research - Relation to the other studies - Relation to the other studies - Research methods - Research methods Current issuesCurrent issues

3. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Category of the Combustion Heating Cooking Thermal power generation Transportation Rocket launch

4. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay What is the Combustion Fuel + + Oxidizer Product Heat · Gas · Coal · Oil O 2 Air Halogens CO 2 H 2 O · Heating · Power generation Energy

5. Solid combustion Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Combustion types Gas Combustion CH 4, C 3 H 8 etc.. Gases are used. This type combustion is extensively used in domestic and an industrial systems. It can do the perfect combustion and low emissions. Ex) Gas burner, Boiler, Heater, and so on CH 4, C 3 H 8 etc.. Gases are used. This type combustion is extensively used in domestic and an industrial systems. It can do the perfect combustion and low emissions. Ex) Gas burner, Boiler, Heater, and so on Coal, Wood and garbage and so on.. This type combustion is used in an industrial system transportation for example, an iron works and Ship and Steam engine It is hard to do perfect combustion Coal, Wood and garbage and so on.. This type combustion is used in an industrial system transportation for example, an iron works and Ship and Steam engine It is hard to do perfect combustion Liquid combustion Gasoline, Diesel and kerosene and so on This type is used in internal and external engine. Ex) Gasoline engine, Diesel engine and jet engines a nd rocket engines Gasoline, Diesel and kerosene and so on This type is used in internal and external engine. Ex) Gasoline engine, Diesel engine and jet engines a nd rocket engines

6. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay The Object of the Combustion Research High Efficiency Low emissions Stability Application to living and industrial Experiment Simulation

7. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay How combustion is connected to other fields? Combustion Fluid dynamics Thermo dynamics Chemical kinetics Mathematics Flow field analysis Chemical reaction analysis Heat generation and transfer analysis Heat transfer Modeling and Solving the governing equations

8. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Research methods (simplification) Industrial burner Jet flame Oxidizer Fuel Counter flow flame Simplest configuration of 1-D flame Counter flow flame Simplest configuration of 1-D flame Fuel Air Fuel Oxidizer Flame Stagnation Plane

9. Indian Institute of Technology BombayExperiment Temperature measurement Velocity measurement and so on.. Temperature measurement Velocity measurement and so on.. Visualization Gas measuring Hydrocarbon, CO, CO 2 O 2, NO, N 2 O, NO 2 … Hydrocarbon, CO, CO 2 O 2, NO, N 2 O, NO 2 … Analyze characteristic of the flame

10. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Numerical Modeling Governing equations Experimental geometry Simple modeling Analyze phenomena Numerical techniques Comparison with experiment result Modification

11. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Numerical results (example) (a) 0ms (d) 3.6ms(b) 2.4ms (c) 3.0ms

12. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Current issues Reducing the emission. - CO, CO2, NO x …. Reducing the emission. - CO, CO2, NO x …. Increase the efficiency - Heat recirculation (ex : heating injected air..) Increase the efficiency - Heat recirculation (ex : heating injected air..) MEMS power source - energy density is higher than battery MEMS power source - energy density is higher than battery Swiss roll combustor 500yen scale burner Step microcombustor 4 W thermal input

13. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Current issues Reducing the emission. - CO, CO2, NO x …. Reducing the emission. - CO, CO2, NO x …. Increase the efficiency - Heat recirculation (ex : heating injected air..) Increase the efficiency - Heat recirculation (ex : heating injected air..) Flameless combustion with liquid fuels :- very low NOx emissions Formation of spray Vaporization of the spray Mixing with the surrounding oxidizer (air) Ignition of the mixture Burning

14. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Evaluation Scheme for the course 1.Assignments15 % 2.Quizzes20 % 3.Mid-semester exam25 % 4.Final semester exam40 % Possibility of surprise quizzes Late submission of assignment unacceptable Poor attendance will fetch a special bonus (early grade) 1.Assignments15 % 2.Quizzes20 % 3.Mid-semester exam25 % 4.Final semester exam40 % Possibility of surprise quizzes Late submission of assignment unacceptable Poor attendance will fetch a special bonus (early grade)

15. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Topics to be covered 1.Introduction 2.Combustion and Stoichiometry 3.Basics of Mass transfer 4.Basics of Chemical Kinetics 5.Important chemical mechanisms 6.Conservation equations for reacting flows 7.Laminar premixed flames 8.Laminar diffusion flames 9.Droplet evaporation and burning 10.Introduction to turbulent flow and turbulent premixed and non premixed flames 1.Introduction 2.Combustion and Stoichiometry 3.Basics of Mass transfer 4.Basics of Chemical Kinetics 5.Important chemical mechanisms 6.Conservation equations for reacting flows 7.Laminar premixed flames 8.Laminar diffusion flames 9.Droplet evaporation and burning 10.Introduction to turbulent flow and turbulent premixed and non premixed flames

16. Indian Institute of Technology BombayReferences 1.An introduction to Combustion S R Turns 2.Combustion theory F A Williams 3.Combustion physicsC K Law 4.CombustionI. Glassman 5.Combustion FundamentalsR A Strehlow 6.Fundamentals of CombustionK K Kuo 7.Understanding CombustionH S Mukunda 8.Fundamentals of CombustionD P Mishra 9.Journals: 1.Combustion and Flame 2.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 3.Combustion Science and Technology 4.Combustion theory and modeling 5.Various other Combustion and energy journals 1.An introduction to Combustion S R Turns 2.Combustion theory F A Williams 3.Combustion physicsC K Law 4.CombustionI. Glassman 5.Combustion FundamentalsR A Strehlow 6.Fundamentals of CombustionK K Kuo 7.Understanding CombustionH S Mukunda 8.Fundamentals of CombustionD P Mishra 9.Journals: 1.Combustion and Flame 2.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 3.Combustion Science and Technology 4.Combustion theory and modeling 5.Various other Combustion and energy journals

17. Thanks to Dr. S. G. Kim of “Korean Institute of Energy Research” for preparing this nice presentation on “Introduction to Combustion”