1. THE OPPOSING SIDES
THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 11

2. CHOOSING SIDES CHAPTER 11.1

3. CHOOSING SIDES
GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT: ASKED ROBERT E. LEE TO COMMAND THE UNION TROOPS
ROBERT E. LEE: ONE OF THE BEST SENIOR OFFICERS FROM VA WHO CHOSE TO SUPPORT THE CONFEDERACY
MILITARY COLLEGES: 7 OUT OF 8 WERE IN THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN LOYALTY), SOUTH HAD LARGE NUMBER OF TRAINED ARMY OFFICERS
U.S. NAVY: STRONG, ¾ LOCATED IN THE NORTH, POOL OF TRAINED SAILORS, NAVY UNDER UNION CONTROL

4. SCOTT LEE

5. WEST POINT MILITARY ACADEMY
NEW JERSEY

6. MottoDuty • Honor • Country 1Established16 March 18022
TypeFederal military academySuperintendent3Admin. staff600 faculty4Undergraduates4,4875
Location, , Campus15,974 acres (65 km2)6ColorsBlack, gray, and gold AthleticsBlack Knights 24 varsity teams
AffiliationsPatriot League, Atlantic Hockey Association
Websitewestpoint.edu
Cadets are required to adhere to the Cadet Honor Code, which states that "a cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do." The academy bases a cadet's leadership experience as a development of all three pillar's of performance: academics, physical, and military.

8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
POPULATION OF THE NORTH: TWICE AS LARGE AS THE SOUTH GIVING THEM THE ADVANTAGE IN RAISING AN ARMY AND IN SUPPORTING THE WAR
POPULATION OF THE SOUTH: 1/3 WAS ENSLAVED THEREFORE, THEY HAD FEWER PEOPLE TO JOIN THE ARMY
INDUSTRIES OF THE NORTH: ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE OVER THE SOUTH (80% OF U.S. FACTORIES IN NORTH) (PRODUCE 90% OF NATIONS PIG IRON (WEAPONS/EQUIPMENT/FIREARMS AND GUNPOWDER) AFTER THE WAR THE SOUTH SET UP ARMORIES AND FOUNDRIES TO PRODUCE WEAPONS, GUNPOWDER, AND AMMUNITION

9. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES continued…
FOOD IN THE SOUTH: ABLE TO PRODUCE LARGE AMOUNTS, HAD ONLY ONE RAILROAD LINE FOR MOVING FOOD AND TROOPS (NORTH EASILY DISRUPTED THE RAIL SYSTEM)
LEGAL TENDER ACT: 1862, CREATED A NATIONAL CURRENCY, ALLOWED GOVERNMENT TO ISSUE GREEN-COLORED PAPER MONEY (GREENBACKS) NORTH CONTROLS NATIONAL TREASURY, COLLECT MONEY FROM TARIFFS, NORTHERN BANKS LOANED THE FEDERAL GOVT. MONEY BY BUYING GOVERNMENT BONDS
SOUTHERN ECONOMY: NOT GOOD AT FIRST AND GOT WORSE (BANKS C/N BUY BONDS, UNION NAVY BLOCKADED SOUTHERN PORTS WHICH HURT THE TAXING TRADE, TO RAISE MONEY THE SOUTH TAXED ITS PEOPLE WHICH MANY REFUSED TO PAY, PRINT PAPER MONEY WHICH CAUSED RAPID INFLATION IN THE SOUTH

10. PARTY POLITICS IN THE NORTH
LINCOLN’S POLICIES: REPUBLICANS AND NORTHERN DEMOCRATS CHALLANGED  LINCOLN’S GOAL WAS TO PRESERVE THE UNION EVEN IF IT MEANT ALLOWING SLAVERY TO CONTINUE
WAR DEMOCRATS: SUPPORTED THE CIVIL WAR AND RESTORING THE UNION YET WANTED SLAVERY
PEACE DEMOCRATS: (REPUBLICANS CALLED THEM “COPPERHEADS”) OPPOSED THE WAR AND WANTED TO REUNITE THE STATES BY USING NEGOTIATION
Clement Vallandigham

11. CONSCRIPTION: MILITIA LAW/DRAFTING OF PEOPLE FOR MILITARY SERVICE TO FILL THEIR REGIMENTS (DEMOCRATS OPPOSED THE LAW/RIOTS ERUPTED)
HABEAS CORPUS: MILITIA LAW  LINCOLN SUSPENDED WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS WHICH MEANS A PERSON’S RIGHT NOT TO BE IMPRISONED UNLESS CHARGED WITH A CRIME AND GIVEN A TRIAL

12. WEAK SOUTHERN GOVERNMENT
CONFEDERATE STATES’ RIGHTS: CONSTITUTION LIMITED PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS’S ABILITY TO CONDUCT THE WAR
SOUTHERN LEADERS: OPPOSED DAVIS’S POLICIES (CONFEDERACY FORCING PEOPLE TO JOIN THE ARMY) (SUSPENDING WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS) (NEW TAXES)

13. THE DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGE
UNITED STATES: DID NOT WANT EUROPEANS TO RECOGNIZE THE CSA AS AN INDEPENDENT COUNTRY (RESPECT THE UNION NAVY’S BLOCKADE OF SOUTHERN PORTS)
SOUTH: WANT EUROPEANS TO RECOGNIZE THE CONFEDERACY (DECLARE THE UNION NAVY’S BLOCKADE ILLEGAL) (WANTED THE BRITISH NAVY TO HELP THE SOUTH IN THE WAR AND STOPPED SELLING COTTON TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN UNTIL THEY WOULD HELP)

14. TRENT AFFAIR
1861 THE CONFEDRACY SENT JAMES MASON (VA) AND JOHN SLIDELL (LA) TO EUROPE TO BE PERMANENT MINISTERS TO BRITAIN AND FRANCE
A UNION WARSHIP INTERCEPTED THE TRENT AND MASON AND SLIDELL WERE ARRESTED  BRITAIN THREATENS THE U.S. WITH WAR UNLESS LINCOLN FREED THE MEN WHICH HE DID (CONFEDERACY NEVER RECEIVED THE SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEANS)

15. THE FIRST “MODERN” WAR NEW MILITARY TECHNOLOGY AND TACTICS
HUGE ARMIES MADE UP OF CIVILIAN VOLUNTEERS
VAST AMOUNTS OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
NEW CONE-SHAPE BULLETS WERE MORE ACCURATE AND COULD BE FIRED FASTER THAN PREVIOUS BULLETS
TRENCHES AND BARRICADES WERE USED FOR PROTECTION
HIGH CASUALTIES
ATTRITION (WEARING DOWN YOUR OPPONENT THROUGH THE EXHAUSTION OF SOLDIERS AND RESOURCES) ARMIES HAD TO KEEP RECRUITS
DEFENSIVE WAR OF ATTRITION: DAVIS WANTED TO WAGE THIS DEFENSIVE WARFARE AGAINST THE UNION WHICH OUTRAGED THE SOUTHERN TROOPS WHO INSTEAD WENT ON THE OFFENSIVE CHARGING ENEMY LINES AND SUFFERING LARGE NUMBERS OF CASUALTIES

17. ANACONDA PLAN UNION IMPLEMENTED STRATEGY PROPOSED BY WINFIELD SCOTT
INCLUDED A BLOCKADE OF CONFEDERATE PORTS AND SENDING GUNBOATS DOWN THE MISSISSIPPI TO DIVIDE THE CONFEDERACY