1. Communications 17 July 2003 DOCTORAL DEGREE: OPENING DOORS? prof. Heli Jantunen University of Oulu Microelectronics and Materials Physics Laboratories Linnanmaa FIN-90014 Oulu university Finland GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005

2. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, for public discussion in Auditorium L6, Linnanmaa, on December 7th, 2005, at 12 noon. YOUR NAME THE TITLE OF YOUR THESIS ONE DAY!

3. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 WHAT NEXT? HOW TO UTILIZE THE DOCTORAL DEGREE? WHAT POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE? IF ACADEMIC CAREER, HOW TO MAKE IT? WHY NOT A POSITION IN INDUSTRY? IS THERE NEW CHALLANGING POSSIBILITIES?

4. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 FIRST SOME FACTS EU countries decided in the Barcelona meeting in 2002 to increase the level of R&D investments to 3 % of cross national product until 2010. The basic idea was to form the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable Growth and better jobs and greater social cohesion. Finland answered to this challenge already in 1995 (graduate schools) In 2004 1250 doctoral degrees in Finland (ten years earlier 650) 1/3 of new doctors have been financed by a graduate school with some extent 15 % from the technical science Younger doctors More women

5. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 IS THE DOCTORAL DECREE WORTHWILE?

6. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 Year Unemployment % Doctors Masters Candidate High school Total workforce UNEMPLOYMENT

7. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 Year Researcher level employees FUTURE

8. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 NEW CHALLANGES?

9. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 ACADEMIC CAREER DOCTORAL DEGREE IS A BEGINNING OF AN ACADEMIC CAREER! gives bases to become an equal member of the academic world start working 1.POST DOC (1-4 years) -Improve your competence in scientific level research and training -Find your own research areas -Use your supervisors’ help -Attend scientific conferences -Work some periods abroad -Learn how to get financing -Listen, learn, serve, be humble -Make research and publish, publish…

10. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 ACADEMIC CAREER 2.COLLEAGUE (1-8 years) -Show your competence in the scientific world (docent position, chair person…) -Build co-operation network inside the laboratory, university, national, international -Widen your research area or start a new one -Try to find financing -Manage a research group -Listen, learn, serve, be humble -Publish, publish… keep level

11. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 ACADEMIC CAREER 3.SUPERVISOR (> 6 years) -Organize and lead successfully research groups -Recognize overall problems in research work and solve them -Help others using your co-operation network -Find financing -Supervise and evaluate -Arrange opportunities (conferences, research programs, graduate schools, scientific committees) -Learn, listen, be responsible -Publish, publish…

12. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 ACADEMIC CAREER 4.LEADER (> 6-8 years) -Keep on working

13. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 OTHER RESEARCH INSTITUTES - VTT and research centres - commonly project work and thus less academic freedom - 29 % engineers - target orientated and closer to real products - offers good connections to industry - well formed, supporting research teams - possible to form own group in time, career

14. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 POLYTECHNICS - only 5.2 % of all employees had Doctoral degree (2002) (10.1 % licentiates, 66.4 % masters degree) - teaching practice required - for chief teacher and headmaster positions required - time for teaching - research also today

15. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 INDUSTRY - companies with international markets and/or have strong R&D - mainly in R&D and management - in 2002 8 % of companies wanted to hire doctors - in 2007 21 % - larger companies (over 500 employees) - companies having doctors already - D. Tech. and especially novel technologies - in future also in production Especially required when asked from industry - practical skills - ability to analyse and solve problems, follow development - relationships to the academic world - knowledge of several areas, wide scientific vision - internationality and knowledge of languages - knowledge of technical language - teaching and writing abilities - special skills

16. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 WHAT ABOUT OWN ENTERPRISE! Versatile skills – not only R&D – required: - financing, economics, personnel administration - marketing, laws, patenting, connections - production, quality issues - good team and teamwork abilities - practical skills - ability to analyse and solve problems, follow development - vision - internationality and knowledge of languages - teaching and writing abilities = everything mentioned earlier OR A LOT OF MONEY!

17. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 BUT FIRST!

18. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 References Karsten et al., Kuinka tullaan tohtoriksi, Jyväskylän yliopisto, opetusmoniste OM-9 Koulutus, tutkimus ja työllisyys, Opetusministeriön julkaisu 2004:17 Husso, Tohtoreiden työllistyminen, sijoittuminen ja liikkuvuus työmarkkinoilla, Suomen Akatemia, 2002. Risteli, Tohtorit yrityksiin vahvistamaan kehitystä, Oulun yliopiston Aktuumi 2004.

19. Communications 17 July 2003 GETA Boat Seminar 2005, Silja Serenade, January 12-14, 2005 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!