1. Prologue to La Cristiada: For Greater Glory

2.   1910 – 1921  Nationwide; fighting particularly in west-central and northern Mexico  Heroes or villains?: Pancho Villa ( north ); Emiliano Zapata ( south )  Instability and assassinations: 6 presidents in 10 years  Motives: land ownership; labor laws; people tired of Porfiriato (30-year dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz) ; progress without real help or change for the poor.  Approx. 1 million refugees / emigrate to U.S.  Real reform? The Mexican Revolution

3. http://www.cristiadapelicula.com/#castcrew Dean WRIGHT, director MAIN CHARACTERS: General Enrique GorostietaPresidente Plutarco E. Calles Sra. Tulita, his wifeAmbassador Dwight Morrow -- U.S. Ambassador to Mexico José Luis Sánchez del Río (child martyr) Lalo ( Eduardo ) – José’s best friend Padre Christopher Magallanes Anacleto González -- pacifist Cristero Adriana – ‘Cristera’ Padre Vega – ‘General,’ combatant priest Victoriano ‘El Catorce’ Ramírez La Cristiada / For Greater Glory: CAST

4.  Revolución y los Cristeros: ¿quiénes eran? Cristero Rebellion / La Cristiada Los CristerosFrancisco I. Madero Emiliano ZapataConstitución de 1917 Pancho (Francisco) Villa ¡Viva Cristo Rey! Plutarco Elías Calles Blessed (Padre) Miguel ProLey de Calles (Calles Law ) José Luis Sánchez del Rio General Enrique Gorostieta ¡Viva Cristo Rey! Christ the King Monument (in Guanajuato, México) http://www.traditioninaction.org/History/B_010_Cabalgata.html

5. Pancho Villa (norte de México) Revolucionarios: Emiliano Zapata (sur de México)

6. Padre Magallanes (1928) Anacleto González Flores, mártir (1927) Los Cristeros :

7. Los Cristeros : Role of women The Feminine Brigades of Saint Joan of Arc

8. José Luis Sánchez del Río (1928) Padre Miguel Agustín Pro (1927) MÁRTIRES:

9. Plutarco Elías CALLES (presidente de México, 1924-1928) “Ley de Calles” Artículos de la Constitución de 1917

10.  Cristero War: timeline  Mexican Revolution (Civil War) : 1910--1921  Constitution of 1917  Anti-clerical (against the Church and clergy) articles  1926: “Calles Law”  Peaceful protest and boycotts by Catholic groups (National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty)  Calles outraged; ordered further persecution  Cristero uprising: West-central Mexico: ( Zacatecas, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Durango, Michoacán, and Colima)

11.  Cristero War: overview From: 1927-1929 La Cristiada ASU Hispanic Research CenterASU Hispanic Research Center (Arizona State University) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3TXpKfqeho&feature=youtu.be La Crítica… Criticism… ( continued )

12. Criticism… Miss México, 2007 Rosa María Ojeda http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-04-17- miss-mexico_n.htm

13.   Was the CRISTERO WAR a ‘just’ war?  The most authoritative and up-to-date expression of just war doctrine is found in paragraph 2309 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. It says:  The strict conditions for legitimate defense by military force require rigorous consideration. The gravity of such a decision makes it subject to rigorous conditions of moral legitimacy. At one and the same time: the damage inflicted by the aggressor on the nation or community of nations must be lasting, grave, and certain; (cont…) The Church: JUST WAR DOCTRINE

14.   all other means of putting an end to it must have been shown to be impractical or ineffective;  there must be serious prospects of success;  the use of arms must not produce evils and disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated. The power of modern means of destruction weighs very heavily in evaluating this condition.  These are the traditional elements enumerated in what is called the "just war" doctrine. The evaluation of these conditions for moral legitimacy belongs to the prudential judgment of those who have responsibility for the common good. JUST WAR continued …