1. M91第五組 The Cardiovascular System
組長 盛少廷
組員 黃馨慧 組員 馬兆緯
組員 陳志安 組員 方科智
組員 黃崇勝 組員 陳叡逸
組員 王植諄 組長 蔡昊澐
組長 林廷翰 組員 陳奕彰
組員 謝明宏 組員 馮富鈺
組員 張凱淳 組員 許耘誌
組員 潘相甫 組員 顏凡偉
組長 黎美雪 組員 葉婉婷
組員 蔡為迪 組員 葉秋瑜

2. 胚胎心血管發育
想念我嗎

3. 太初之時
splanchnic mesoderm primodial myocardium
四原始腔室

4. Aortic arch衍生物

5. 原始心臟血液循環

6. 胎兒的血液循環

7. Further development of heart
Tubular heart elongates and develops dilations and constrictions :
Atrium
Sinus venosus
Ventricle
Bulbus cordis
Truncus arteriosus

8. Partitioning of Primordial Heart
Partitioning of Atrioventricular Canal
Cardiac jelly → endocardial cushion (by the end of 4th week)
Atrioventricular canal → left and right atrioventricular canal
Endocardial cell → AV valves (mitral valve & tricuspid valve)

9. Partitioning of Primordial Atrium
Foramen primum - becomes smaller & disappears
Foramen secundum – becomes larger (fusion of perforations in the central part of septum primum)
Septum secundum overlaps foramen secundum → oval foramen formed
Septum primum
- cranial part disappears
- caudal part → valve of oval foramen → oval fossa (after birth)

10. Changes in Sinus Venosus
Initially
right and left sinus are the same size.
4th week
- Right horn enlarge
 (1)anastomosis (2) right vitelline vein change into IVC
 sinus vanarum (smooth part of RA)
- Left horn – size decreases
 coronary sinus
- Caudal part of sinuatrial valve
 valve of IVC and coronary sinus

11. Partitioning of Primordial Ventricle
Muscular part of the IV septum
 enlarging ventricle myoblast
- ( 6th) IV foramen still exists
- ( 7th) IV foramen closed — right & left bulbar ridges endocardial cushion
Membranous part of the IV septum
 right side of the endocardial cushion
Complete partitioning
- aorticopulmonary septum + membranous part of IV septum + muscular part of IV septum

12. Partitioning of Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus
Fusion of bulbar ridges and truncal ridges
aorticopulmonary septum
180 degree spiraling of aorticopulmonary septum
divides aorta & pulmonary trunk
Formation of semilunar valves
- by 3 swellings of subendocardial tissue
- aortic valve  post., right & left cusps
- pulmonary valve  ant., right & left cusps

13. Congenital cardiovascular defects
What is congenital cardiovascular defects?
What causes congenital heart defects?
What are the symptoms of congenital defects?
How are congenital defects diagnosed?
How are congenital heart defects treated?

14. Types of congenital defects
Obstruction defects
Septal Defect
Cyanotic defects

15. Obstruction defects
Obstructions are called stenoses and can occur in heart valves, arteries or veins

16. Septal Defect atrial septal defect (ASD)
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Eisenmenger’s complex
A-V canal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

17. Cyanotic defects Another classification of heart defects is congenital cyanotic heart defects. In these defects, blood pumped to the body contains less-than-normal amounts of oxygen. This results in a condition called cyanosis , a blue discoloration of the skin. The term "blue babies" is often applied to infants with cyanosis.
Examples of cyanotic defects are:
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot,
Transposition of the great arteries,
Tricuspid atresia,
Pulmonary atresia,
Truncus arteriosus
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

18. Patent Ductus Arteriosus

19. Transposition of The Great Arteries

20. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection