1. US-India Civil Nuclear Relations ITRN 603 International Trade Relations Kristin Isabelli Slide 1

2. Overview/Legislation: United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancement Act signed on September 28, 2008-First introduced by Former President Bush and Indian Prime Minister Singh in 2005. Agreement: India agreed to separate military and civilian nuclear facilities and put civil nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguard measures. The U.S. agreed to work toward full civil nuclear cooperation. International Atomic Energy Act (IAEA)-Accepted Indias safeguard measures-inspections. India is not a part of the IAEA Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)-Granted a waiver to India to start civilian Nuclear Trade-India is not a member Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)-India is not a member Slide 2

3. Problems: Critics say that it was too beneficial to India and lacks strong safeguard Measures-difficult to track if the nuclear matter is being used for civilian facilities or military. No way to determine if nuclear exports being used for civilian or military capabilities India has also been reluctant to comply with the NSG in letting inspectors see their reactors. The agreements safeguard Measures apply to material manufactured when the agreement was reached India is not required to cap or limit its fissile material production nor is India restricted in the number of nuclear weapons they can produce Chinas growing relationship with India The international precedent it sets for North Korea, Iran, Pakistan, Russia-the exception helping other countries proliferate? Slide 3

4. Proposal: Examining President Obamas response to a stronger US-India strategic and Civil Nuclear alliance-sanctions, safeguard measures, export controls and liabilities and re-evaluating the United States- India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancement Embrace cutting nuclear weapon arsenals and creating consistent legislation and agreements Continual push for regional restraint in South Asia through endorsing India-Pakistan Peace Initiative Strengthening the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the IAEA and NSG Slide 4