1. Schizophrenia
What is it?

2. 20/20

4. Characteristics of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it hard to:
1. Tell the difference between what is real and not real
2. Think clearly
3. Have normal emotional responses
4. Act normally in social situations
Schizophrenia is a complex illness. Mental health experts are not sure what causes it. However, genes may play a role

5. It usually begins in the teen years or young adulthood, but it may begin later in life.
Schizophrenia affects both men and women equally.
It tends to begin later in women, and is more mild.

6. People with any type of schizophrenia may have trouble keeping friends and working. They may also have problems with anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Symptoms may include:
1. Irritable or tense feelings
2. Trouble concentrating
3. Trouble sleeping
As the illness continues, you may have problems with thinking, emotions, and behavior, including:

7. Bizarre behaviors
Hearing or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations)
Isolation
Lack of emotion (flat affect)
Problems paying attention
Thoughts that "jump" between different topics (“loose associations”)

8. Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid schizophrenia
Symptoms may include:
Anxiety
Anger or arguing
False beliefs that others are trying to harm you or your loved ones

9. Disorganized schizophrenia
symptoms may include:
Childlike behavior
Problems thinking and explaining your ideas clearly
Showing little emotion

10. Catatonic schizophrenia
symptoms may include:
Grimacing or other odd expressions on the face
Lack of activity
Rigid muscles and posture
Not responding much to other people

11. Undifferentiated schizophrenia
may include symptoms of more than one other type of schizophrenia.
There are no medical tests to diagnose schizophrenia.
A psychiatrist would need to examine a person to make the diagnosis.
The diagnosis would be made based on an interview of you and your family members.

12. How is it treated?
A person may need to stay in the hospital for safety reasons.
MEDICATIONS
Antipsychotic medications are the most effective treatment for schizophrenia.
They change the balance of chemicals in the brain and can help control symptoms.
These medications are usually helpful, but they can cause side effects.

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14. Common side effects from antipsychotics may include:
Dizziness
Feelings of restlessness or "jitters"
Sleepiness (sedation)
Slowed movements
Tremors
Weight gain

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17. Having schizophrenia increases your risk for:
Developing a problem with alcohol or drugs
Using alcohol or other drugs increases the chances your symptoms will return.
People with schizophrenia may become physically sick, because of an inactive lifestyle and side effects from medication.
A physical illness may not be detected because of poor access to medical care
Suicide

18. Bipolar Disorder Manic depression; Bipolar affective disorder

19. Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, as well as fluctuations in energy and activity levels.
During these abnormal shifts, the patient commonly finds it difficult to complete everyday tasks.
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depressive illness.
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that can destroy relationships, undermine career prospects, and seriously affect academic performance.
These emotional shifts can become so overwhelming that individuals may choose suicide.

20. Bipolar disorder is a condition in which people go back and forth between periods of a very good or irritable mood and depression.
The "mood swings" between mania and depression can be very quick.
Bipolar disorder affects men and women equally.
It usually starts between ages
The exact cause is unknown, but it occurs more often in relatives of people with bipolar disorder.

21. Shifting from Mania to Depression
Mania - this is the period of euphoria, restlessness, energy, recklessness, and much talking.
Depression - this is the opposite mood extreme of mania.
The patient feels sad, may cry a lot, has a sense of being worthless, energy levels are extremely low, there is loss of pleasure, and sleep problems

22. What are the causes of bipolar disorder?
Genetics
Biological traits - experts say that patients with bipolar disorder often have physical changes that occurred in their brains.
Brain-chemical imbalance
Hormonal problems
Environmental factors - abuse, mental stress, a "significant loss", or some other traumatic event may contribute towards bipolar disorder

23. What are the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder?
A feeling of being on top of the world, exhilaration or euphoria
Over-self-confidence, an inflated sense of self-esteem
The patient's judgment may be impaired
The patient talks a lot, and very rapidly
Missing work or school a lot
Underperforming at work or school
A feeling of gloom, blackness, despair, and hopelessness
Extreme sadness
Weight loss or weight gain
Extreme tiredness, fatigue, listlessness

24. Types of bipolar disorder:
People with bipolar disorder type I have had at least one manic episode and periods of major depression.
In the past, bipolar disorder type I was called manic depression.
People with bipolar disorder type II have never had full mania.
Instead they experience periods of high energy levels and impulsiveness that are not as extreme as mania (called hypomania). These periods alternate with episodes of depression

25. The following may trigger a manic episode in people with bipolar disorder:
Life changes such as childbirth
Medications such as antidepressants or steroids
Periods of sleeplessness
Recreational drug use
The depressed phase of both types of bipolar disorder includes the following symptoms:
Daily low mood or sadness
Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions

26. Fatigue or lack of energy Feeling worthless, hopeless, or guilty
Eating problems
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Overeating and weight gain
Fatigue or lack of energy
Feeling worthless, hopeless, or guilty
Loss of pleasure in activities once enjoyed
Loss of self-esteem
Thoughts of death and suicide
Trouble getting to sleep or sleeping too much
Pulling away from friends or activities that were once enjoyed

27. There is a high risk of suicide with bipolar disorder.
Patients may abuse alcohol or other substances, which can make the symptoms and suicide risk worse.
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