1. Dental Health and Nutrition By Chelsey Newton

2. Learning Objectives Properly identify the major problems associated with our teeth Describe some of the diseases that affect our dental health as a result of our diet Identify what foods to encourage for good dental health and some foods to avoid that may cause harm to our teeth

3. Tooth Growth Are 4 main stages to tooth development 1.Basic structure of teeth form 2.Hard tissue forms 3.Tooth eruption 4.Loss of baby teeth Regan, Katie (2010).

4. Baby Teeth vs. Permanent Teeth 20 baby teeth 32 permanent teeth Regan, Katie (2010).

5. Anatomy of a tooth Are 4 main parts to a tooth 1.Enamel 2.Dentin 3.Pulp 4.Root Regan, Katie (2010).

6. Nutrition Needs for Tooth Development Calcium Phosphorus Vitamin D Vitamin C Regan, Katie (2010).

7. Dental Diseases Affecting Quality of Life Impacts our self esteem Impacts our eating ability and nutrient intake Hinders our overall health Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

8. Enamel Hypoplasia Defect in enamel formation Caused by deficiency in: Vitamin D Vitamin A Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

9. Salivary Gland Atrophy Inability of the mouth to fight off infections Caused by inadequate Vitamin A and PEM Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

10. Periodontal Disease Chronic Disease Inflammation of the gums and bone around the teeth Caused by Vitamin C deficiency Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

11. Fluorosis Disturbance of enamel development on our teeth as they are growing in Due to excess intakes of fluoride Causes brown spotting on the teeth Palmer, C. A., & Gilbert, J. A. (2012)

12. Oral Infections Main cause: malnutrition Malnutrition impairs the defenses in our mouth against invading pathogens This allows bacteria to more easily bind to mucosal cells and cause infection Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

13. Oral Infections: ANG Acute necrotizing gingivitis Most common oral infection If left untreated, will lead to Noma Noma is an orofacial gangrene Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

14. Dental Caries An infectious disease Metabolism of dietary sugars in dental plaque which cause demineralization of enamel & dentine Lingström, P., & Moynihan, P. (2003).

15. Dental Caries Cont. Dietary causes: sugar in our diet! Frequency AND amount of sugar both have negative effects on our teeth Lingström, P., & Moynihan, P. (2003).

16. Measure of Dental Caries Extent of dental decay is measured by dmft/DMFT (primary detention/permanent detention) Used worldwide for indication of dental decay in populations Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004).

17. dmft/DMFT for dental caries Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004).

18. Ways to Reduce Sugar Intake Avoid sipping on sugary drinks all day Therefore not exposing our teeth to a constant intake of sugar Cut down on sweets Brush our teeth before bed and after meals Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004).

19. Tricks to reducing dental caries Drinking Milk! Contains calcium, phosphorus, casein Eat hard cheese after consuming sugary food/beverage Eat high fiber foods, drinking black tea Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004).

20. Fruit Linked to Dental Caries?! Research has found fruit consumed in high amounts has an impact on prevalence of dental caries BUT have to consume an excessive amount! Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004).

21. Consume sugar and not get dental caries? Alternative Sweetners! Aesulfame K Sucralose Polyols- Sugar Alcohol Stevia Hendriksen, M., Tijhuis, M., Fransen, H., Verhagen, H., & Hoekstra, J. (2011).

22. Dental Erosion Progressive condition Causes permanent loss of dental hard tissue Are intrinsic and extrinsic factors IF= vomiting, regurgitation, low salivary rate EF= result of our diet It reduces the size of our teeth and restorative treatment is expensive Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

23. Extrinsic factors leading to dental erosion Diets containing citric acid, phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and carbonic acids In food and drink with a pH below 5.5 This is because our enamel pH is about 5.5 Moynihan, P., & Poul, E. P. (2004)

24. Common dietary causes of dental erosion DietMedications Acid carbonated beveragesIron tonics Citrus fruit juicesVitamin C tablets Other acid fruit juicesAspirin Acidic sports drinks Wines Cider Acidic herbal teas Citrus fruits Other acidic fruits and berries Vinegar conserves Acid flavored candies TABLE II. COMMON DIETARY CAUSES OF DENTAL EROSION Table options Nunn, J. (2001).

25. How to reduce dental erosion prevalence? Soft drink companies are recognizing the large affect their products have on dental erosion Reducing the acid content Raising the pH of drinks Inclusion of protective factors Nunn, J. (2001).

26. Fluoride Natural element 99% of fluoride is in our bones & teeth Important role in bone health and mineralization Used to increase tooth mineralization and reduce enamel loss Palmer, C. A., & Gilbert, J. A. (2012).

27. Forms of Fluoride Found in many forms including: Water sources Food Gels Foams Oral rinses Fluoridated dentrifices Palmer, C. A., & Gilbert, J. A. (2012).

28. DRI for Fluoride Palmer, C. A., & Gilbert, J. A. (2012).

29. Downside to Fluoride… Amount of fluoride in water is directly controlled by public referenda Are usually candidates that run with campaign that water shouldnt be fluoridated Give false information that fluoridated water causes cancer or even AIDS Palmer, C. A., & Gilbert, J. A. (2012).

30. Tooth loss & Dentures: Effects on impairing nutrition? Adults able to retain teeth longer however majority of older adults have impaired dental function Dentures= a whole new set of teeth? Foods avoided by denture wearers Fruit, vegetables, beta-carotene containing foods Moynihan, P., & Bradbury, J. (2001).

31. Tricks to increase nutrient intake for Denture wearers and tooth loss Steam vegetables Make fruit smoothies! Drink protein supplement shakes Boost Ensure Moynihan, P., & Bradbury, J. (2001).

32. Cost of Dental Diseases Moynihan, P., & Bradbury, J. (2001).

33. Our role as Dietitians Advocate for ways to achieve proper oral health and nutrition Form partnerships with dental professionals Spread importance of fluoride in water Moynihan, P., & Bradbury, J. (2001).

34. Conclusion See learning objectives to ensure a complete understanding of them Able to be better informed on recognizing our role as dietetic students in regards to oral nutrition

35. Questions??