1. Draft agenda TimeTitleDescription 8:00-8:30Registration & breakfast Delegates sign in, breakfast, network 8:30-8:40Introductions & housekeeping LA speaker opens event, highlights LA strategy and hands over to CT 8:40-8:50Scene setting key updates What EM is, why its important, barriers, government legislation 8:50-9:00EM basicsEnergy units, interactive bills, metering 9:00-9:40Opportunities and actions Covers key techs (light, heat, air con) and quick wins & next steps with discussion 9:40-9:45EM surveyHow to conduct a walk around survey 9:45 – 9:50Q&A 9:50 - 10:00Action Planning Complete action plan and feedback form, summary slide 10:00CloseIntroduce available for questions 10-10:30Consultations1-1 questions and networking opportunity

2. Energy Efficient Breakfasts Energy Management Training for Small and Medium Size Enterprises John Wade 10 th November 2011

3. Introductions – About the Host Organisation

4. Introductions – About the Carbon Trust The Carbon Trust was set up by government as an independent company in 2008. Our mission is to accelerate the move to a low carbon economy. To date, we have helped our customers save around 29.5 million tonnes of carbon and around £2.6 billion in energy costs. As a Company Limited by Guarantee any profits we make are reinvested to help deliver our mission. We cut carbon emissions now; By providing specialist advice and finance to help organisations cut carbon By setting standards for carbon reduction

5. Introductions – About You Please tell us: Who you are What organisation you represent What your organisation does What you hope to get out of this Breakfast briefing What are the barriers to taking action in your organisation?

6. Outputs from this Briefing – The Energy Management Action Plan

7. The Energy Management Action Plan You have been provided with an Action Plan The following sections discuss opportunities which are relevant to the SME sector Please complete each part of the Action Plan at the conclusion of each section Use your own data if you have it, or the sample data provided Calculate the total potential saving Take your Action Plan back to your business and Take Action! Please leave the duplicate copy with us when you leave

8. Why Manage Energy?

9. Drivers for energy management Rising energy costs Complying with relevant standards and regulations Environmental concerns

10. Climate Change Global average temperature change (°C) Pre-industrialIndustrialisation Year Business as Usual!!

11. Benefits of energy management and greening your business Reduce operating costs and increase your profitability Strengthen your brand reputation and increase loyalty from your customers and employees Comply with environmental standards and regulations

12. Barriers to Energy Management Barriers to energy management: –Time –Resources –Just another job to do –Lack of expertise –Lack of capital –Landlord/tenant relationships

13. Energy Management Basics

14. Energy and Power Power is the capacity of a device to transform energy from one form to another E.g. a boiler transforms stored chemical energy (gas) into thermal energy (heat) Power measured in Watts: 1,000 Watts = 1 kilo Watt kW Energy = Power x Time Energy measured in kWh

15. Energy and Power

16. Units and Conversions Electricity –Kilowatt hours (kWh) – sometimes units Gas –cubic feet (ft 3 ) –hundreds of cubic feet (100 ft 3 ) –Cubic metres (m 3 ) Oil –litres

17. Units and Conversions Fuel UnitsConversion to kWh (multiply units by) Electricity - kWh 1 Gas – ft 3 0.32 Gas – 100 ft 3 31.72 Gas – m 3 11.20 Gas oil – litres10.60 LPG - litres7.08 LPG - kg13.67 Aim to convert all units to a common currency – usually kWh See Carbon Trust Fact Sheet Conversion Factors for further details

18. Units and Conversions: Energy to Carbon (CO 2 ) Fuel UnitsConversion to kgCO 2 (multiply units by) Electricity kWh0.545 Natural Gas kWh0.185 Gas Oil kWh0.275 LPG kWh0.214 Source: DECC Greenhouse Gas Reporting Guidelines 2010 Divide by 1,000 to get tCO 2 See Carbon Trust Fact Sheets Conversion Factors and Carbon Footprinting for further details

19. Example Calculation – Lighting How much energy do the lights in this room use? What is the cost? What are the emissions? What is that as a proportion of the total for this building?

20. Example Calculation - Lighting 1.How many Watts do the lamps use each? 2.How many lamps? 3.Multiply together to give power demand in Watts 4.Divide by 1000 to give kilo Watts (kW) 5.How many hours per day, days per week, weeks per year? 6.Calculate hours per year and multiply by power demand to give energy use in kWh/year 7.Convert to cost (x p/kWh) and carbon (x kgCO 2 /kWh)

21. Electricity Metering Electricity Meters –Analogue dial –Analogue –Digital –HHM or Smart

22. Gas Metering Gas meters read volume May read in ft 3,10 ft 3, 100 ft 3 or m 3 Understand the units and apply the right volume conversion factor and calorific value to calculate kWh Calorific value = heat content of fuel See your gas bill for details

23. Constructing a Basic Energy Management Spreadsheet

24. © Carbon Trust 2008. All rights reserved. Apr 03 Jun 03 Aug 03 Oct 03 Dec 03 Feb 04 Apr 04 Jun 04 Aug 04 Oct 04 Dec 04 Feb 05 Apr 05 Jun 05 Aug 05 Oct 05 Dec 05 Feb 06 Apr 06 Trends in Site Electricity Consumption

25. © Carbon Trust 2008. All rights reserved. 25 Thermal Energy Use Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec kWh MONTH Baseload = process or domestic hot water load

26. © Carbon Trust 2008. All rights reserved. 26 Electricity – Half-hourly Metering for an Office

27. © Carbon Trust 2008. All rights reserved. 27 Electricity – Half-hourly Metering for a Manufacturer

28. Identifying the Opportunities

29. Where Energy is Used (Example – see handouts also for other scenarios)

30. Boilers, Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water

31. Check Time and Temperature Controls Time Controls: –Match start and stop time to occupancy –Adjust to match Summer/Winter time – do not allow 1 hour float to cover both –Avoid excessive start up times - adjust throughout the season –Check controls regularly – ensure that they cannot be over-ridden

32. 32 Top tip: Time Control

33. Check Time and Temperature Controls Check location and condition of thermostats Are they tamperproof? Are they representative of the actual temperature? –Thermostats should not be near heat sources (inside or outside) –Avoid draughts/near windows etc. –Locate internal optimum start sensors in coldest part of building/heating zone –Check location for local unrepresentative activities

34. Check Time and Temperature Controls Temperature – what is appropriate? Is 23 0 C really the right thing to do? UK guidelines for heating workplaces: –Heavy work 13 0 C –Light work 16 0 C –Sedentary (sitting) work 19 0 C –Offices 20 0 C

35. Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs) TRVs provide basic, local control of temperature Can be used to set a comfortable working temperature for staff Make sure staff know what they are and how they are used Ensure valves are not obstructed

36. 36 Top tip: Temperature Control

37. Carbon / Cost Alert!!! Look out for the use of portable electric heaters These are symptomatic of wider problems with the heating system They cost you money and have high carbon emissions They upset heating system controls and make problems worse Fix the root cause of the problem

38. © Carbon Trust 2008. All rights reserved. 38 Boiler & Pipework Insulation Effective insulation can save 1 to 3% of heating energy costs Insulation is cheap and easy to apply Check boilers, hot water tanks and pipework for insulation thickness and condition Dont forget valves and other fittings

39. Upgraded Heating System Controls Optimum Start Control (or Optimiser) –Think of it as a weather-dependent timeswitch –Reduces heat up times in mild weather –Optimum stop facilities also available – will switch off the heating early if possible –Easy to retrofit, but requires additional sensors

40. Upgraded Heating System Controls Weather Compensation Controls - vary system flow temperature in response to outside air temperature Requires modifications to pipework and additional sensors

41. Time control Optimum safe storage/delivery temperature –60 0 C is the optimum in most cases Minimisation of standing losses – better insulation Direct fired heaters – better for high volume all year round Local electric heaters - can be appropriate in some circumstances Domestic Hot Water Services

42. Boiler Plant, Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water – Summary and Action Plan Opportunity Description Typical savings Please tick Proposed Action Action by whom? Your SavingsCapital Cost % £/ year tCO2/ year Are boiler and heating time controls set correctly? 10 to 30% None Is the heating setpoint appropriate to the use? 10% None Is the domestic hot water setpoint appropriate? 2% None Are boilers, domestic hot water cylinders and pipework well- insulated? 1 to 3% Low Can timeswitches be upgraded to optimiser controls? 10% Medium Can weather compensation controls be installed? 10% Medium Sub-Total Boiler Plant, Space Heating & DHW

43. Lighting and Lighting Controls

44. Use of Lighting Is lighting being used appropriately?

45. Use of Lighting Are the lights switched off when people leave?

46. Lighting Controls Time schedules Dimming controls –Can be used on fluorescent lighting when specified with dimmable ballasts Occupancy-sensing –Passive infra red –Microwave Daylight-linked –Photocell

47. Lamp Efficiency Measured in lumens/watt (efficacy) Higher efficacy = more light for less energy Choose efficient lamps and fittings, appropriate to the application Avoid over-lighting. Insist on an engineered solution, with light levels appropriate to the use. Consider the efficiency of the fitting itself – some lose over half of the light by directing it the wrong way! Upgrades can give savings of 20% to 80%!!

48. Lamp Efficiency Less Efficient –Tungsten filament (GLS) –Low voltage tungsten halogen –Older T12 (38 mm diameter) fluorescent tubes –Mercury vapour lamps More Efficient –Compact fluorescent lamps –T5 or T8 fluorescent + high frequency controls –LEDs (still a developing technology) –Metal halide –Low and high pressure sodium

49. Lighting – Summary and Action Plan Opportunity Description Typical savings Please tick Proposed Action Action by whom? Your SavingsCapital Cost % £/ year tCO2/ year Are lights being used effectively? 1 to 5% None Do staff switch off lights when not needed? 5 to 10% None Are lamps and fittings efficient - can they be upgraded? 20 to 80% Medium/ High Can occupancy- linked controls be installed? 10% to 20% Low/ Medium Can daylight-linked controls be installed? 10% to 20% Low/ Medium Sub-Total Lighting and Controls

50. Ventilation and Air Conditioning

51. Air Conditioning Controls Basic controls: –Time –Temperature Local systems (splits or cassette-type) have local controls Usually more complex controls for larger systems –Stand-alone controls or building management systems (BMS)

52. Check Air Conditioning Controls Similar rules to heating: –Reducing operating hours by one hour/day may save up to 10% –Avoid over-cooling by increasing cooling setpoints as high as possible: –A 1 0 C increase in temperature can save around 10% in cooling energy

53. Upgrade Air Conditioning Controls Complex systems need specialist advice, but there are good savings available through: –Use of free cooling –Installation of variable speed drives on fans –Demand control systems

54. Ventilation, Cooling and Air Conditioning – Summary and Action Plan Opportunity Description Typical savings Please tick Proposed Action Action by whom? Your SavingsCapital Cost % £/ year tCO2/ year Are air conditioning time controls set correctly? 10% to 30% None Is the cooling setpoint appropriate to the use? 5 to 20% None Can air conditioning controls be upgraded? 10 to 30% Medium/ High Sub-Total Air Conditioning and Ventilation

55. Office Equipment

56. Typical Power Use by Office Equipment EquipmentEstimated Power Use (Watts) PC – Base Unit80 W PC – 17 LCD Monitor15 W PC – 17 CRT Monitor70 W Laptop50 W Inkjet Printer40 to 80 W Laser Printer90 to 130 W Multi-function Printer150 to 250 W Fax30 to 40 W Mobile Phone Charger5 to 15 W 42 LCD TV250 W

57. Office Equipment – Behavioural Change Raise staff awareness Challenge myths –Logging off is not the same as switching off –Screensavers dont save energy –Does the IT department really require all equipment left on overnight? –Does the server room need to be kept at 16 o C? Audit work areas after hours – scoring system? Enable power management features on equipment

58. © Carbon Trust 2008. All rights reserved. 58 Technology, Rationalisation & Upgrades Consider power management software Remove redundant/rarely-used equipment Rationalise printers Upgrade CRT to flat screens (60% saving) Upgrades generally (30% saving)

59. Other Equipment Vending Machines – non-perishable –Fit timer to switch off at night Vending Machines – perishable –Switch off lights at night if possible Water coolers –Fit timer to switch off at night Cooling fans –Avoid if possible – these add heat!

60. Office Equipment – Summary and Action Plan Opportunity Description Typical savings Please tick Proposed Action Action by whom? Your SavingsCapital Cost % £/ year tCO2/ year Are PCs and office equipment switched off at the end of the working day? 10 to 20% None Can timers be fitted to water coolers, vending machines and other equipment? 10% Low Can office equipment be rationalised? 10% Low Can equipment be upgraded? 30% Medium/ High Sub-Total Office Equipment

61. Compressed Air

62. Compressed air is inefficient: –Electricity ~ 10 p/kWh –Compressed air ~ £1/kWh!! –Typically savings of up to 30% for little or no cost

63. Compressed Air Optimisation Avoid using compressed air! Repair leaks!! Typically 10 to 30%+ of costs Generate air at the minimum pressure required Keep air filters clean Minimise pressure losses and deadlegs

64. Compressed Air Upgrades Improve compressor controls – electronic sequence controls for multiple compressors Duct cold air into the compressor house Fit electronic condensate drain traps Consider heat recovery If buying new – consider variable speed compressor

65. Compressed Air – Summary and Action Plan Opportunity Description Typical savings Please tick Proposed Action Action by whom ? Your SavingsCapital Cost % £/ year tCO2/ year Can compressed air be avoided in any applications? 10 to 100% None/ Medium Are there are compressed air leaks? 10 to 30% Low Is air being generated at the minimum pressure possible? 5 to 10% None Are filters clean and pressure drops minimised? 5 to 10% Low/ Medium Is the air feeding the compressor as cold as possible? 5 to 10% Low Are electronic condensate drain traps being used? 5 to 10% Medium Are there any opportunities for heat recovery? Gas savings Medium Sub-Total Compressed Air

66. Conducting an Energy Walkround

67. Energy Walkround Guidelines Try to focus on the main areas of energy use Aim to identify: –Quick wins – mainly around behavioural change or control settings –Technical areas where capital may be required, e.g. improved controls –Technical areas requiring expert advice, e.g. replacement plant, or systems obviously not functioning correctly Try to quantify savings: –Look at easily quantifiable uses, e.g. lighting or IT –What can you tell from energy data?

68. Quick Wins No.1 - Check the control settings! –If you have half-hourly electricity data – look at it! –Are there any controls? Do they work? –Do the time settings match the occupancy? –Check all days – do you have a 24-hour or 7-day timer? –Are the temperatures appropriate? –Do staff complain? Too hot/cold? Too draughty? –Is there evidence of portable heaters or coolers in use? –Do thermostatic radiator valves work correctly? Do staff know what they are and how to use them?

69. Quick Wins Look at staff behaviour: –Are lights left on when theres no one around? –Do staff know what is the right thing to do? –Would lighting controls solve the problem, or would a switch off campaign be enough? –Do staff leave PCs and printers on after hours? –Can staff be asked to switch off monitors when on breaks? –Are windows opened when the heating is on? –Are heating and cooling used at the same time? –What can we do to help?

70. Questions?

71. Constructing Your Action Plan

72. The Energy Management Action Plan Did you complete each part of the Action Plan at the conclusion of each section? Use your own data if you have it, or the sample data provided Calculate the total potential saving Take your Action Plan back to your business and Take Action! Please leave us a copy of the Action Plan at the end of the Briefing

73. Feedback Form Please leave your Feedback Form on your table or hand in on exit

74. Summary and Close

75. Outputs from the Session Please complete your Action Plans, ensuring that you try to indicate potential savings achievable in your business Your Action Plan is yours to take away with you, but please leave a copy, either on your table or hand in to the event organisers Please complete Feedback forms and leave them on your tables or hand in to the event organisers Your presenter will be available for a free Carbon Surgery after this event in case you have any specific questions

76. Recognition for real carbon reduction Gain recognition for your carbon reduction Communicate your carbon credentials with integrity Robust certification based on strict criteria and detailed assessor audit The experience of striving for carbon accreditation…was hugely beneficial – from a financial, ethical, operational and reputational point of view and demonstrated the value of applying for the Carbon Trust Standard - Richard Pamenter, Head of Sustainability, GlaxoSmithKline Certify Measure Manage Reduce Visit www.carbontruststandard.com/SME or call 0800 019 1443 for more information The Carbon Trust Standard:

77. Sources of Funding Finance for energy saving projects; Carbon Trust and Siemens have joined forces to offer flexible financing from £1k upwards. www.energyefficiencyfinancing.co.uk www.energyefficiencyfinancing.co.uk Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECAs) are a straightforward way for a business to improve its cash flow through accelerated tax relief. www.eca.gov.uk/etl www.eca.gov.uk/etl

78. 78 Carbon Trust Website Dedicated section for SMEs First steps for small businesses and information specifically about your sector or the technologies you use Online cut carbon cut costs training tool Visit www.carbontrust.co.uk Get Practical & Free Advice Expert in Energy series Free monthly low carbon business guides, web advice and webinars Designed to help businesses save money and reduce their energy use www.carbontrust.co.uk/expertinenergy

79. Free Energy Saving Plan Open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5.30pm Call 0800 085 2005 Tick the box on your feedback form if youd like us to contact you for an ESP! The Carbon Trust Advice Line can give you guidance and support on how to assess the energy use on your site. We also offer practical advice on how to take action, improve efficiency and reduce costs. We can also provide you with a structured Energy Saving Plan: A bespoke free service that guides you and your business through how to take simple measures to detailed technical support A tailored report highlighting the areas of opportunity and guidance on implementation with links to further online advice Advisors on hand to offer support and answer any questions

80. Thank you for coming! The Carbon Trust receives funding from Government including the Department of Energy and Climate Change, the Department for Transport, the Scottish Government, the Welsh Assembly Government and Invest Northern Ireland. Whilst reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that the information contained within this publication is correct, the authors, the Carbon Trust, its agents, contractors and sub-contractors give no warranty and make no representation as to its accuracy and accept no liability for any errors or omissions. Any trademarks, service marks or logos used in this publication, and copyright in it, are the property of the Carbon Trust. Nothing in this publication shall be construed as granting any licence or right to use or reproduce any of the trademarks, service marks, logos, copyright or any proprietary information n any way without the Carbon Trusts prior written permission. The Carbon Trust enforces infringements of its intellectual property rights to the full extent permitted by law. The Carbon Trust is a company limited by guarantee and registered in England and Wales under Company number 4190230 with its Registered Office at: 6th Floor, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3BF. Published in the UK: March 2011. © The Carbon Trust 2011. All rights reserved.