1. achieving environmental and energy-related goals
SRF
achieving environmental and energy-related goals

2. Overview of presentation
ERFO
Definition of SRF
Examples of production and use
Environmental/ energy topics
Conclusions

3. European Recovered Fuel Organisation A non profit association Purpose
ERFO
European Recovered Fuel Organisation
A non profit association
Purpose
Represent European companies which produce fuels prepared from non-hazardous waste
Promote the use of such recovered fuels within the frame of sustainable development
Help establish high quality standards for such fuels at European level

4. ERFO’s Focus on standards
Recovered fuels must gain public acceptance, trust and confidence
Public trust is only possible if the conditions for preparation, transport and use of recovered fuels are stringent, transparent and easily controllable
Standardisation is a must
Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF)

5. ERFO’S INVOLVEMENT
SRF standardisation work within CEN / TC 343 e.g. report on classification of SRF
Participation in R&D programs
Pre-normative research on sampling, sample preparation and determination of biomass content
QUOVADIS : validation of Technical Specifications, Quality Management system and perspectives in new EU countries
Participation in debates, works and lobbying activities related to SRFs
Main contribution to the SRF chapter of the Bref Waste Treatment

6. ERFO’S VIEWS ON PENDING ISSUES FOR SRF
SRF must be distinguished from other waste derived fuels; declaration of conformity should be a minimum requirement
SRF should be qualified
as as specific (non hazardous) entry on the European Waste Catalog
as as specific entry on the green list of waste
SRF name / qualification should be protected

7. Definition of SRF
Solid fuel prepared from non-hazardous waste, meeting the classification and specification requirements of prCEN15359
Prepared means processed, homogenised and up-graded to a quality that can be traded amongst producers and users

8. Examples of production plants
Paper/plastic fraction:
Essent Milieu, VAGRON Groningen
Solid recovered fuel (SRF):
Veolia, Haraldrud Oslo
Remondis, VZEK Erftstadt

9. ESSENT MILIEU PRODUCTION LOCATION WIJSTER
PRODUCTION LOCATION GRONINGEN

10. Production location VAGRON (Groningen)
Screening drums separate the waste.
Air classifiers separate a paper/ plastic fraction.

11. Process diagram VAGRON (Groningen)
Unloading area
Screening drum
Paper/plastic
magnet
Scrap
bunker
RDF
Pressure container
Screening drum
Paper/plastic
magnet
Sheet metal
RDF
Pressure container
Non-ferro
magnet
Small pieces of
metal
Fermentation OWF

12. Production locations Vagron and Wijster
The pressed bales of paper/plastic fraction.
Bales ready for transport.

13. Veolia
Haraldrud Oslo

14. General information
50kt/a of industrial/commercial waste treated at Haraldrud representing between 5,000 and 6,000 customers
30kt/a of SRF produced per year
20kt/a residual fraction: recycled (5% metals), landfilled (20% inert fraction), humidity losses (15%)
Type of SRF : fluff and baled SRF
Client: VIKEN Fjernvarme AS for district heating (Circulating Fluidised Bed of 30 MW, compliance with WID )

15. SRF production process Pre-sorted commercial waste
Pre-shredder
(400mm)
Overband magnet
Screen 1 6mm
Fine shredder
Screen 2 15mm
”Stonetrap”
Over band magnet
Haraldrud : Production de 32KT/an d’un CSR à base de DIB, présenté en vrac et alimentant une centrale de production d’eau chaude pour le réseau de chaleur de la ville d’Oslo (lit fluidisé circulant)
Larvik : Production de 20KT/an d’un CSR à base d’OM et de DIB trié, présentée en vrac et alimentant une cimenterie Norcem (Brevik) (lit fluidisé)
Tonsberg : Production de 10KT/an de 2 CSR à base d’OM et de DIB, présenté en vrac et alimentant une cimenterie Norcem (Brevik), voire l’incinérateur Energos (Sarpsburg) en cas de surcapacité. Dans ce cas le déchet subit une préparation plus rudimentaire (broyage grossier).
Il faut aussi mentionner la production de RDF à Dade County (Miami, USA) par Montenay Power Corp., filiale d’Onyx North America
Final SRF (fluff)
50mm
Over band magnet
Optional
1st SRF (fluff)
50mm
Final SRF (baled)
Fine shredder
Baler

16. Quality control Currently: ISO 9001:2000
Based on operator experience for pre-sorting of unsuitable material.
On-site laboratory with adapted sampling and sample reduction procedure (pre-normative research project - TAUW/NOVEM/ERFO download ).
Additional chemical and physical properties analysis carried out externally.
Under progress :
Implementation of a QMS based on future CEN standards (QUOVADIS project).

17. Remondis
VZEK, Erftstadt

18. General information
200kt/a wastes ( 50% MSW) treated at VZEKplant, Erftstadt
80kt/a of SRF produced
Type of SRF : soft pellets
Clients: cement industry, powerplants

19. Waste treatment center VZEK, Remondis
MSW
Bulky/Commer-
cial waste
New plant (ABA)
feeding
screening
Fe-/ NF-
separation
metals
biol. drying
residues/ MSWI
NIR-
water
biomass
SRF-plant (AKEA)
Production
wastes
feeding
size reduction
Prior size
reduction-
windshifting
disturbent
materials
Fe-separation
NF-separation
fine grinding
SRF`s:
BPG® and SBS®
storage/
loading
Fe-/ NF-
metals
HCF
LFP-residues, production w.
NIR-separation
residues

20. Quality control imat uve imat uve Sampling behind last step
of size reduction
Regular sampling
during production
Analysis of H2O in the plant
Single samples are combined to
500-t-mixed-samples,....
Every t the following
parameters are analysed:
Analyseprotokoll - Nr
1.500t-analysis
for BPG and SBS
Parameter:
ds, H2O, Cl, Ash, NCV + F
HM Group I-III:
As, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo,
Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Tl, V, Zn
Ash:
Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO,
Na2O, P2O5, SiO2, SO3, TiO2, ZnO
imat uve
... and are analysed by
an external laboratory :
Analyseprotokoll - Nr
500t-analysis
for BPG and SBS 
Parameter:
ds, H2O, Cl, Ash, NCV
+ 2 HM (changing monthly)
imat uve
Delivery to the customer

21. Storage for BPG® and SBS®

22. Examples of users Hard coal, RWE Gerstein, 220kt/a
Lignite, Vattenfall Jänschwalde, 400kt/a
Lignite, RWE Berrenrath, 70kt/a
Cementkiln, many plants current practice kta in Germany
CHP, Neumünster, 150 kt/a

23. Co-combustion of SBS® in lignite-PC-boilers
SRF delivery
cooling tower
Fluff
SBS-delivery, 20 – 25t/h, Max.: 50t/h
hopper
boiler with primary DENOX
REA desulphurisation
lignite supply
1200 t/h
Source:
RWE Power
electrostatic filter
8 coal mills

24. Evaluation of SBS®-co-incineration in Weisweiler
quality of SRF (SBS®)
delivery and transfer
feeding and dosing
combustion behaviour (ignition and burnout)
fixing of heavy metals etc. in ash and gypsum
flue gas cleaning system
emissions according 17. BImSchV (WID)
landfilling characteristics of combustion residues
RWE Power setzt heute sechs deutschen Kohlekraftwerken an den Standorten Westfalen, Werne, Ibbenbüren, Frimmersdorf, Weisweiler, Wachberg und Berrenrath Ersatzbrennstoffe in der Form von Klärschlamm, Papierschlamm sowie andere Ersatzbrennstoffe bestehend aus Tiermehl, Altholz und sogenanntem SBS (Sekundärbrennstoff = heizwertreiche und schadstoffarme aus Siedlungsabfällen in zertifizierten Aufbereitungsanlagen gewonnene Brennstoffe) ein.
Entsprechend der vorliegenden Verträge mit RWE Umwelt und anderen Entsorgungsunternehmen oder Lieferanten sowie der Verfügbarkeit dieser Stoffe am Markt konnten wir die zur Verfügung stehende Kapazität bisher zu rund 65 % - d.h. mit rund 1,2 Mio. jato - auslasten.
Die umweltfreundliche Mitverbrennung von Schlämmen und anderen Ersatzbrennstoffen reduziert die benötigte Menge an Regelbrennstoffen zur Stromerzeugung und entlastet gleichzeitig die Deponien. Damit leistet RWE einen wichtigen Beitrag zur ökologisch verträglichen und energetisch sinnvollen Verwertung dieser Reststoffe.
Co-incineration of SBS® in lignite power plants is technically and environmentally feasible
Source:
RWE Power

25. SRF fired industrial boilers in Germany, operational

26. SRF fired industrial boilers in Germany, planned

27. Overview production and use
SRF derived from HCF of MSW, bulky waste, mixed commercial waste and from production specific wastes

28. Marketpotential EU15 Cement 15-30% substitution: 3,5-7 mio t/a
Power 2-4% substitution: 6,5-13 mio t/a
CHP ind.boilers,12% of combustible waste ( ref. Germany, Netherlands): 17mio t/a
Total potential EU15: mio t/a
SRF derived from HCF of MSW, bulky waste, mixed commercial waste and from production specific wastes

29. Environmental/energy topics
Environmental, emissions
Energy and CO2

30. Environmental goals
Landfill directive, reduction of biodegradable component of waste by 65% in 2016
Waste incineration directive, limits on emissions from incineration and co-incineration (cementkilns and coal fired powerplants) 2005

31. Energy-related goals
Directive 2001 RES , increase share of RES to 12% by 2010
Kyoto protocol 1997, reduction of greenhouse gas
Biomass action plan, increase the use of biomass for heating and cooling

32. SRF Environmental parameter Hg, Classes that may be accepted

33. Cost benefit analysis

34. Energy Saved, Model Region 2
Results, Energy Saved
Energy Saved, Model Region 2
Fuel Prep. 3
(hard pellets)
Fuel Prep. 2
(soft pellets)
Fuel Prep. 1
(fluff)
Incineration
with E.R.
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
MJ/Inh.

35. Model region 2 ( central) kg CO2 equivalent/inh., year
CO2 reduction
Model region 2 ( central)
-300
-200
-100
100
200
300
400
Baseline
kg CO2 equivalent/inh., year
Incineration
with E.R.
CO2 fossil (Factor 1)
CH4 (Factor 21)
Variation of sub-scenarios
SAVED
CAUSED
Fuel Prep. 1
(fluff)
Fuel Prep. 2
(soft pellets)
Fuel Prep. 3
(hard pellets)

36. Energy specific CO2-emissions of different fuels
t CO2/TJ
realistic
fossil
share 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
110
120 30
BPG
Lignite
Hard coal
Heavy fuel oil
Light fuel oil
Natural gas
SBS
Source:
REMONDIS 36

37. Conclusions
SRF is a waste derived fuel of which properties can be guaranteed
Market for SRF is developing, there is a strong growth in the CHP sector
SRF of Hg class 1 and 2 can be used in most co-incineration plants (concerning environmental aspects)
The use of SRF will contribute to the reduction of energy imports
SRF constitute particularly a valuable solution to treat those waste fractions, which cannot be easily recycled
The use of SRF fuels will contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions
SRF constitute a high share of renewable source of energy