1. KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION www.kit.edu Title of transparency: Arial 26pt bold Double spaced: Arial 22pt bold Sub-title: Arial 18pt bold Several lines possible. Management of Waste Incineration Residues 2 nd SYNERGIA Forum June 10, 2010, Athens National Hellenic Research Foundation J. Vehlow Institute for Technical Chemistry -Thermal Waste Treatment Division

2. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION flows of solid masses in a MSWI plant in kg MSW 1000 filterscrubberfurnace / boiler 7 – 15 2 - 5 150 – 250 20 – 40 (dry) 12 – 18 (wet without effluents) 0,5 - 2 (wet with effluents) < 0,05 Fe 20 - 50 non Fe 5 - 15

3. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION minerals in bottom ash glass gehlenite (Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 ) iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 )

4. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION selected elements in bottom ash and lithosphere

5. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION German standards for landfill and utilisation DIN EN 12457-4

6. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION TOC in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale) day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 18 day 19 day 20 day 21 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 TOC in wt %

7. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION PCDD/F in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale) day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 18 day 19 day 20 day 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg

8. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION PCDD/F in grate ashes between 1985 and 2005 soil 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 PCDD/F in ng(TE)/kg 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0

9. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION DIN EN 12457 - 4 metals pH influence on heavy metal leaching 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH log (concentration)

10. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION pH reduction by aging day 1 day 2 day 4 day 18 day 19 day 20 day 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH in eluate freshaged

11. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION pH influence on leaching of Pb

12. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION treatment of bottom ash for utilisation (Hamburg) utilisation (source: Zwahr 2005) storage for maturing belt scale >10 mm air classifier belt scale to furnace sieve 10mm <10 mm raw ash sieve 32mm magnetic separation eddy current separation ferrous scrap <32 mm nonferrous scrap impact crusher magnetic separation eddy current separation sieve 32mm ferrous scrap nonferrous scrap >32 mm disposal

13. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION DEV S4 results of 26 bottom ash samples

14. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION DIN EN 38414-4 leaching of various materials Cr Ni Cu Zn Pb 0.1 1 10 100 results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation bottom ash rec. concretegravel

15. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION bottom ash treatment for quality improvement filterAPCboiler washing metal separation sieving aging fusion

16. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION DEV S4 leaching of treated grate ashes Ni Cu Zn Pb 0.1 1 10 100 results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation agedsintered fused

17. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION bottom ash management in selected EU countries

18. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION selected pollutants in bottom and filter ash PCDD/F concentration in mg/kg (PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg)

19. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION filterAPCboiler solidification stabilisation vitrification leaching/sintering asphalt filler salt mine backfilling central storage for future mining boiler and filter ash management options washing metal separation sieving aging fusion

20. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION boiler filter 1. scrubber 2. scrubber Hg recovery extraction heavy metal recovery liquid extrusion binder grate ash + 3R product scheme of the 3R Process

21. J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION conclusions bottom ashes -can be utilized as building material e.g. in road construction -secondary treatment pays only if a high quality of the products can be achieved fly ashes -disposal depends on local conditions -inertisation processes are developed -storage for future mining gas cleaning strategy -should be selected according to the best residue disposal option