1. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 1 Particulate Matter Emissions from Industrial Sources (With the Iron & Steel Industry as an Example) U. Karl, O. Rentz French-German Institute for Environmental Research (DFIU/IFARE) University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany Workshop of the UN/ECE Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modeling on the Potential and Costs for Controlling Primary Emissions of Fine Particulate Matter Laxenburg, 23 - 24 November 2000

2. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 2 Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Industrial Sources Contents Introduction - Major sources of PM emissions in industry Fine Particulate Matter - Fractions of PM 10 in emissions from direct and fugitive emission sources PM Emission Reduction Measures - Process integrated emission control - End of pipe techniques - Control of secondary emissions Conclusions

3. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 3 Major Contributors to PM Emissions from Industry Mining of coal, lignite, metal ores Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products (Cement, lime, glass, bricks and tiles) Manufacture of basic metals (Iron and steel, non-ferrous metals) Manufacture of basic chemicals / fertilisers Manufacture of wood products (Chipboard, fibreboard) Manufacture of food products (Mills, sugar production) Waste incineration

4. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 4 Fractions of Fine Particulate Matter Direct Emissions Depending on dust control equipment Fabric filters95 - 98 % PM10 Electrostatic precipitators95 % PM10 Scrubbers90 % PM10 Cyclones50 - 60 % PM10 Fugitive Emissions Highly uncertain information; estimated fractions: Storage and handling20 % PM10 Industrial building ventingup to 75 % PM10 Reference: Remus R.: Feinstaub - Entstehung und Quellen der Feinstaubemissionen - Neue gesetzliche Regelungen; VDI Berichte 1478, 1999

5. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 5 Particulate Matter Emissions from Pig Iron Production Contribution of Fugitive Emissions Reference: Emission Control at Stationary Sources in the Federal Republic of Germany,Volume II DFIU/IFARE 1997

6. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 6 Process Integrated Emission Control Example: Emission Optimised Sintering Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 1999

7. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 7 Emission Optimised Sintering - Multi-Pollutant Emission Reduction Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 1999 (compared to conventional sintering)

8. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 8 Inertisation as an End of Pipe Measure Example: Blast Furnace Operation - Fume Suppression During Casting Description: Enclosed transport route for the hot metal; Minimal space between molten metal and covers; Flooding with nitrogen, if necessary Reference: Emission Control at Stationary Sources in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume II, DFIU/IFARE 1997

9. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 9 Conventional Casting Bay Dedusting System Reference: Emission Control at Stationary Sources in the Federal Republic of Germany,Volume II DFIU/IFARE 1997

10. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 10 Economic Aspects of Dust Suppression Systems Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 1999

11. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 11 Control of Secondary Emissions Primary and secondary off-gases from a converter

12. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 12 Collection Efficiency of Secondary Emissions Example: Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 1999

13. French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe 13 Summary Depending on the sector, major contributions result from fugitive emission sources. Process integrated measures often entail multi-pollutant emission reduction. EoP Measures: Encapsulation of dust emission sources can lead to significant advantages compared to suction hoods and conventional dust abatement. Concerning the abatement of secondary emissions the collection efficiency is of mayor importance. Conclusion Dust control is more than fabric filters! Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Industrial Sources