1. Fasteners
Any device used to hold 2 or more pieces of material together or in place
Shank – long stem part of a nail/screw

2. Laminate
Means to fasten 2 or more flat pieces together with an adhesive
Adhesive
- Sticky substance such as glue used to connect material together

3. Nails ITEMS TO KNOW: Fastener which is driven into material it holds
Use of nail
Desired length
Desired diameter

4. Nail Lengths
Penny – unit of measure used to designate the length of nails
*Symbol – “d”
- The number of English pennies needed to purchase 100 nails of a given size

5. Size Range Common nail – 2d to 60d Box nail – 2d to 40d
Finishing nail – 2d to 20d
Cut nail – 2d to 20d
Spike – 16d to 12 inches (aka 1 foot)

6. Diameter – distance across the center of a circle
Common nail - general construction
Cut nail - used for nailing tongue & groove
Box nail – light household work

7. Types of Nails Finishing Nail – interior finished work
Shingle Nail – nailing shingles
Roofing Nail – used for rolled roofing
Plaster Nail – attach plaster to studs

8. More Nails… Hinge Nail – fasten hinges (duh)
Duplex Nail – electrical work & concrete
Wire Staple – wire fence construction
Lead Head Nail – nailing galvanized steel

9. Nail Resistance Factors
1. Shank Diameter
2. Shank Type
3. Wood Type/Hardness of Wood
4. Moisture Content – Drier is Better!
5. Angle of Nail to Grain of Wood
6. Location of Nail in Wood – End, Middle

10. Galvanized -
Coated with zinc

11. Phillips – phillips head (X) Allen – 6 sided hole in head
Gauge – diameter of shank
(2 - 24)
(6 – = common)
Toggle Bolt – collapsible winged nut which opens when inserted in a hollow wall

12. Machine Bolt – square head with threads on just the last 1” of the shank
Cap Screw
Carriage Bolt – round head
Stove Bolt – round headed bolt

13. Bolt Pitch Bolt Pitch – the number of threads per inch Determined by:
Measuring an inch on a bolt and then counting the threads within that inch
Using a thread gauge

14. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Thread Classification System
Threading standards for bolts & nuts are controlled by ANSI

15. Example: Bolt size (Major Diameter) Pitch (Threads Per Inch)
Unified Thread Standard
Type of Thread (C = Coarse; F = Fine)
Class of Fit (A = External; B = Internal)
1= Loose & Sloppy, 2 = Normal & Strong,
3 = Close, Tight, & Very Strong
Bolt Length

16. Thread Classification
½ - 20 UN C/F – 1/2/3 – A/B/C x 3

17. Screws
Fastener which has threads that bite into the material it fastens
Threads – grooves of even shape & taper that wrap around the shank

18. Classifications of Screws
Wood
Cap Screws
Sheet Metal
Lag Screws
Could be classified by head shape

19. Square head – four equal sides
Hex head – six sides
Slotted – standard
Plow bolt – square tapered head

20. Nuts Device with a thread hole
Washer – flat device w/ a hole in the center & used as part of a fastener
TYPES OF NUTS:
Hex-square-castle-wing-lock

21. Types of Washers
Flat
External Lock
Internal Lock
Split Lock

22. Hardware – term describing material used in ag mechanics
Hinge
Object that pivots & permits a door to swing

23. TYPES OF HINGES
Strap T
Butt
Hasp
Butterfly
Screw Hook

24. Gussets – used to reinforce joints
Flush Plate – used to strengthen corners