2. He can speak English not He can to speak English not He can speaking English She should go to the doctor not She shoulds go … not She should goes…. They might not go to the party not They dont might go to the party PRESENT: The lights are on. They must be at home. (Seguro que están en casa) PAST : The lights were on.They must have been at home. (Seguro que estaban en casa) not They musted be at home. COMMON MODAL VERBS Can Ought to Could Shall May Should Might Will Must Would Have to

3. USE ADVICE OBLIGATION LACK OF OBLIGATION PROHIBITION ABILITY - present - past -other tenses PROBABILITY CERTAINTY TRANSLATION Sería una buena idea... Si yo fuera tú... Te sugiero... Es importante que... Es absolutamente necesario... Es esencial que... No es necesario que... No hace falta que... No estar permitido Está prohibido… (Circunstancias idóneas para que algo ocurra) (Saber hacer algo)...probablemente... Quizás... Estoy seguro... Es imposible... Es muy posible.... MODAL VERB - should - ought to - must - have to dont have to neednt - mustnt - can - could -be able to -may -might -could -must -cant EXAMPLE If I were you Id go to the doctor=You should go to the doctor. Its absolutely necessary that we finish the article today= We must/have to finish the article today It isnt necessary to bring a present = You dont need/dont have to bring a present You arent allowed to smoke at school = You mustnt smoke at school (When I was a child I earned Chinese) I can speak Chinese I could speak Chinese I will be able to speak Chinese Perhaps she is at home=She may/might be at home. Im sure that magazine isnt Carolinas=That magazine cant be Carolinas. Its quite possible shes at home=She must be at home. SUBSTITUTE Its a good idea... If I were you... I suggest you …. Its important that Its absolutely necessary that... Its essential that... It isnt necessary Not to be allowed to Its forbidden to (Ideal ciecumstances) (Knowledge) -.....probably.... - Perhaps -Im sure -Im certain -Its impossible -Its quite possible EXAMPLE (IN THE PRESENT) If I were you Id go to the doctor =You should go to the doctor. Its absolutely necessary that we finish the article today = We must/have to finish the article today It isnt necessary to bring a present = You dont need/dont have to bring a present You arent allowed to smoke at school =You mustnt smoke at school (When I was a child I earned Chinese) I can speak Chinese I could speak Chinese I will be able to speak Chinese Perhaps she is at home =She may/might be at home. Im sure that magazine isnt Carolinas =That magazine cant be Carolinas. Its quite possible shes at home =She must be at home.

4. EXAMPLE (IN THE PRESENT) If I were you Id go to the doctor =You should go to the doctor. Its absolutely necessary that we finish the article today = We must/have to finish the article today It isnt necessary to bring a present = You dont need/dont have to bring a present You arent allowed to smoke at school =You mustnt smoke at school (When I was a child I earned Chinese) I can speak Chinese I could speak Chinese I will be able to speak Chinese Perhaps she is at home =She may/might be at home. Im sure that magazine isnt Carolinas =That magazine cant be Carolinas. Its quite possible shes at home =She must be at home.

5. USE ADVICE CRITICISM ABILITY (not fulfilled) PROBABILITY CERTAINTY EXPLANATION Un consejo que al final no fue seguido Crítica sobre algo que debía haber ocurrido Posibilidad de hacer algo, pero que al final no se hizo. Sospecha de que algo ocurrió Seguridad de que algo ocurrió. Seguridad de que algo no ocurrió. MODAL VERB SHOULD HAVE + PP SHOULDNT HAVE + PP COULD HAVE + PP MAY/MIGHT HAVE + PP MUST HAVE + PP COULDNT HAVE + PP EXAMPLE You should have studied harder. Now you have to do the retake. You shouldnt have seen that terror film. Now youre afraid of dark. I could have studied in London, but I didnt. Yesterday it was raining a lot. They may have been at home. She is crying. She must have failed the exam. She is laughing. She cant have failed the exam.