1. To what extend has the world communitys failure to stop North Koreas nuclear weapons program emboldened other countries to pursue nuclear weapon programs?

2. Content of this presentation: Current UN Sanctions Are the UN Sanctions Working? What Else can the International Community Do? What will make the World a safer place?

3. The resolution's provisions include: North Korea must "not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a ballistic missile", "suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme" and "abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner".ballistic missile The DPRK must also "return immediately to the six-party talks without precondition".six-party talks Shipments of cargo going to and from North Korea may be stopped and inspected for weapons of mass destruction or associated items (however, there is no obligation placed on member states to perform such inspections).weapons of mass destruction A ban is placed on imports and exports of "battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, large calibre artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems", "related materiel including spare parts" and any other items identified by the sanctions committee.tanks artilleryhelicopterswarshipsmateriel UN member states must freeze the overseas assets of individuals and companies involved with the DPRK's weapons programmes. An international travel ban is also placed on programme employees and their families. UN members are banned from exporting luxury goods to North Korea. [2]luxury goods [2] United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on October 14, 2006. The resolution, passed under Chapter VII, Article 41, of the UN Charter, imposes a series of economic and commercial sanctions on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (the DPRK, or North Korea) in the aftermath of that nation's claimed nuclear test of October 9, 2006. [1]United NationsSecurity CouncilresolutionChapter VII, Article 41UN ChartersanctionsDemocratic People's Republic of Korea nuclear test [1] Current UN Sanctions

4. "We've seen in the past whenever the international community tries to 'tighten the noose' on North Korea, it has the opposite effect of provoking more escalatory behavior," Korea analyst Ben Habib of Australia's Latrobe University. Are the UN Sanctions Working? (Successes and Failures of the Sanctions)

5. Support by the International Community for China to promote and enlarge economic activities and different fields of cooperation with North Korea Russian Federation has ample reason to be far more proactive on the North Korean nuclear problem than it is now Consistent presence/attempted engagement – Encourage student exchanges with benign countries such as Australia, New Zealand, etc… Get the truth to the people: foreign radio broadcasts, smuggled videos/DVDs/books What Else can the International Community Do?

6. What will make the World a safer place? (or…does the spread of nuclear weapons make the world more dangerous?) Some facts: Nine nations with nuclear weapons possess 27,000 operational nukes The number of countries that desire to become nuclear armed is increasing (ex: Syria, North Korea, Iran) and the technology is spreading At least 15 countries have enough highly enriched uranium for a nuclear weapon Danger 1.Threat of existing stockpile 2.New states adding new stockpiles will increase the risks of use. 3.Growing threat of increasing terrorism 4.Cyber threats 5.Rapid expansion of civil nuclear energy in the decades ahead. Danger 1.Threat of existing stockpile 2.New states adding new stockpiles will increase the risks of use. 3.Growing threat of increasing terrorism 4.Cyber threats 5.Rapid expansion of civil nuclear energy in the decades ahead. Mitigation to make safer 1.International adherence to Nuclear non- proliferation and disarmament 2.International community must work together to ensure that no new stockpiles are added – that there are alternatives to nuclear weapons for defense 3.Continued counterterrorism efforts globally – better coordinated 4.Develop international protocols to decrease chances of hacking and cyber threats 5.Strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Mitigation to make safer 1.International adherence to Nuclear non- proliferation and disarmament 2.International community must work together to ensure that no new stockpiles are added – that there are alternatives to nuclear weapons for defense 3.Continued counterterrorism efforts globally – better coordinated 4.Develop international protocols to decrease chances of hacking and cyber threats 5.Strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

7. QUESTIONS???