1. Science – Visual Study Guide
Chapter 4 – Lessons 1-4
Mr. Rowe & Ms. Hallock

2. VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES

3. Vertebrate
An animal with a backbone

4. Invertebrate
Does NOT have a backbone

5. Vertebrates – 5 Groups Mammals Hair on most of its body
Females feed milk to their young

6. Vertebrates – 5 Groups
Fish
Covered with scales
Breathe with gills

7. Vertebrates – 5 Groups Reptiles Has dry scales or tough plates
Slithers across ground or crawls on short legs

8. Vertebrates – 5 Groups Amphibians
Moist skin without scales, hair, or feathers
Breathes with lungs as an adult, gills when young
Lives in water AND on land

9. Vertebrates – 5 Groups Birds Covered with feathers
Has wings, scaly legs and a beak
Females lay eggs
Some fly – not ALL!

10. Invertebrates
Here are some examples: be able to name at least 3 animals without backbones

11. Invertebrates Arthropods are the biggest group! They include: Insects
Arachnids (spiders)
Crustaceans (crabs & shrimp)
Centipedes & Millipedes

12. There are more INVERTEBRATES in the world – about 95% of all animals do NOT have backbones!

13. SYMMETRY

14. MOST animals have SYMMETRY!
That means that the parts of their bodies match up with other parts around a midpoint or a line.
Examples:

15. ENDOSKELETON AND EXOSKELETON

16. EXOSKELETON Shell on the OUTSIDE of an animal’s body
Protects them from getting SQUISHED!
Keeps them from drying out
Think: Knight in shining armor!

17. ENDOSKELETON Think ENDO = INDOOR
Skeleton (bones) on the INSIDE of their bodies
Helps them stand up and walk

18. WARM AND COLD BLOODED ANIMALS

19. WARM BLOODED Some animals are warm-blooded
Mammals
Birds
That means their body temperature stays the same all the time.
They get energy from food they eat.

20. COLD BLOODED Some animals are cold blooded
Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
This means they need the SUN to keep them warm.
They are whatever temperature they are in their environment.

21. WHAT ALL ANIMALS MUST DO…

22. In order to be called an animal, an organism must do 6 things:
Be made up of many CELLS

23. In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
MOVE on their own

24. In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
GROW and DEVELOP

25. In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
REPRODUCE (have babies)

26. In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
React to changes in their environment
Birds fly south for the winter
Bears hibernate in the winter

27. In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
Get energy by eating food

28. In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
Get rid of wastes

29. IMPORTANT FACTS

30. Humans are VERTEBRATES!
Humans have an ENDOSKELETON!
Humans are WARM-BLOODED!
Humans constant body temperature is 98.6!

31. LIFE CYCLE

32. Life Cycle
The stages of growth and change that make up an animal’s life
Birth
Growing
Having babies
Death

33. LIFE SPAN

34. Life Span How long an animal can usually live in the wild Example:
a moth lives about a week
Snake can live 20 years
Parrot can live 80 years

35. METAMORPHOSIS

36. Metamorphosis Frogs and many insects like butterflies go through it
It’s a cycle where an animal looks different at each stage

37. BODY SYSTEMS

38. Respiratory System Helps you breathe
Important parts: mouth, lungs, nose
We breathe in OXYGEN and out carbon dioxide

39. Circulatory System Pumps blood throughout your body
The “pump” is the heart
Important parts: heart, blood vessels, veins
You can feel your circulatory system by checking your pulse in your neck or on your wrist

40. Skeletal System Made up of our BONES
Helps us to stand, stay upright, and move around
We have 206 bones in our bodies!

41. Muscular System Made up of muscles. We have 640 muscles in our bodies!
They push and pull on bones to help us move.

42. Nervous System Made up of our BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, and nerves
Also our 5 senses (how we take in information)
Messages about what we feel travel from our bodies to our brains and our brain sends back messages about how to react (move away if something is hot)

43. Digestive System
IMPORTANT PARTS: mouth, throat, stomach, small and large intestine
Helps us to break down food after we eat and use the vitamins in it to keep us healthy