1. The James Company, LLC

2. So we suggest you sit quietly, behave yourselves, and study in the schools we provide as a holding pen until we are ready to accept you into the adult world. -Harold Howe II Positive Peer Culture the challenges Transition from Childhood to Adulthood Loss of adult influence Development of a Negative Peer Culture

3. What a man actually needs in life is not a tensionless state, but rather the striving and struggling for some worthy goal. -Victor Frankl Foundations of Positive Peer Culture The PPC model acts on the premise that youth can develop: Self-worth Significance Dignity Responsibility This is accomplished through a commitment to the positive values of helping and caring for others.

4. How many things, which for our own sake we would never do, do we perform for the sake of our friends. -Cicero The Peer Group The peer group has the strongest influence over the values, attitudes, and behavior of most youth after the age of 12-13. This influence can be positive or negative and depends on factors such as: Home environment History of abuse Exposure to alcohol and/or drugs Self esteem

5. You have to expect great things of yourself before you can do them. -Michael Jordan PPC Design Adults are in control without controlling Control is given over as youth demonstrate the ability to self regulate in positive ways Demand for greatness Greatness is defined as showing positive caring values PPC groups help members learn helpful and non-delinquent ways of handling themselves and meeting their needs Rejection of behavior that hurts self or others Reward for behavior that shows care and concern for others

6. He who helps in the saving of others saves himself as well. -Hartman von Aue PPC Principles The two guiding principles of the Positive Peer Culture model are: 1.) Giving and Receiving Help 2.) Acting with Care and Concern for others The primary focus of the groups during the 5.5 months in AMYA: Assist the Cadets in developing new culture Expose them to the rewards and positive feelings that go along with helping others Create relationships that are based on care, concern, cooperation, and positive regard.

7. The path of duty lies in what is near at hand, but men seek it in what is remote. -Japanese Proverb PPC Groups do: Focus on the direct and immediate problems of an individual Ask youth to concentrate on their own behavior and feelings in current, real-life situations Solve real life problems in the here and now View problems as opportunities for change View problems as a normal part of everyones life Focus on tangible, relevant, present problems

8. Our life is what our minds make of it. -Buddha PPC Groups do not: Delve into or become entangled in an analysis of the details of a persons life history Look for answers to a persons problems by looking outside the person to family pathology or social status Engage in philosophical discussions Engage in psychoanalysis or spend significant time reliving past events or traumas

9. You can get everything in life you want if you will just help enough other people get what they want. -Zig Zigler PPC Groups in practice Group Implementation: Set up an environment in which the youth give help As the youth gives help, he becomes of value to others This increases his feelings of worthiness and builds a positive self concept Redirect the rebellious and strong willed individual to use their strengths to assist others Telling of the life story

10. If any man can convince me, and bring home to me, that I do not think or act right, gladly I will change. -Marcus Antonius Meeting Format Reporting problems Awarding the meeting Problem Solving The Summary

11. They certainly do give very strange and newfangled names to diseases. -Plato Tools PPC problem list consists of 12 identified problems: General 1) Low Self image 2) Inconsiderate of others 3) Inconsiderate of self Specific 4 ) Authority problem 5) Misleads others 6) Easily misled 7) Aggravates others 8) Easily Angered 9) Stealing 10) Alcohol or Drug Problems 11) Lying 12) Fronting

12. Im not out here sweating three hours every day just to find out what it feels like to sweat. -Michael Jordan Role of Staff The primary roll of staff in a PPC program is to be fully committed to the caring process Overpowering and subduing youth creates compliance but has limited lasting change Staff members are asked to invest themselves fully in helping youth to develop their potential Caring will be best shown when staff place strong positive expectations upon youth Care and concern enhances rather than weakens the influence of the adult Staff must be firm, strong, fair, and not easily manipulated Never show anger and do not engage in retribution Work together to consistently support the positive behavior of the group and to confront negative behavior

13. We have forty million reason for failure but not a single excuse. -Rudyard Kipling Reversal of Responsibility Reversing is the process of placing responsibility for action back on those who must do the changing rather than allowing them to project it outside themselves. Example: Youth: I have emotional and behavioral problems because my father was always drunk and beat me and my mother all the time. Staff: Are you saying that all people who grow up in a abusive homes have emotional and behavioral problems? The youth was trying to use his parents problems as justification for his behavior. The reversal process places the responsibility back on the youth. It does not allow him to use his childhood as an excuse for his current troubles.

14. We have forty million reason for failure but not a single excuse. -Rudyard Kipling Reversal of Responsibility In a PPC program, staff view everything that youth say and do (or fail to do) as potential material for reversal. This communicates to the youth in a continuous process that: We know you have the potential to change We believe so fully in your potential that we will permit no instances of hurting behavior to go unnoticed We believe you can learn to assume full responsibility for helping yourself and your peers. The goal of the reversal process is always the same: To show our care and concern To demand the best that is within these young people