1. Rocking the Metaverse: A/V Cataloging in a Web X.0 Environment OLAC/MOUG 2008 Lynne C. Howarth Faculty of Information University of Toronto

2. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 1 OLAC 1998 Audio/Visual materials Increasing prevalence of the Web Websites Portals CDs / DVDs (read only) Interactive multimedia

3. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 2 OLAC 1998 Audio/Visual materials Digital and analog media E-commerce – Amazon.com “social commerce” – eBay Digital libraries – e.g., Colorado Digitization Project (CDP), 1999-

4. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 3 But not yet… I-pods; MP3 players Camera phones Handheld devices with GPS, e-mail, etc., etc. USB memory sticks Social networking sites – FaceBook(124M); MySpace (245M); LinkedIn (25M)

5. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 4 But not yet… Social tagging sites – Flikr; deli.cio.us; LibraryThing; CiteULike (and entertaining derivatives, such as Wordle) And LC’s pilot with Flikr http://www.loc.gov/blog/?p=233 (2008) http://www.loc.gov/blog/?p=233 Google Knol TM ; Wikipedia Blogs, wikis, aggregated content, Mashups, rss feeds, Twitter.com (2008), etc., etc. Second Life; Google TM Lively (July 2008)

6. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 5 OLAC 1998 The State of Cataloguing 1997 Toronto Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR Content versus Carrier CC:DA Task Force on Rule 0.24 Dublin Core 1995- ISBD(ER) 1997 CC:DA Task Force on Metadata IFLA Working Group on Metadata Schemas 1998-

7. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 6 But not yet… RDA: Resource Description and Access, 2009 ISBD Preliminary Consolidated Edition, 2007 IME ICC Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, 2008 RDF – Resource Description Framework Singapore Framework for DC Application Profiles, Sept. 2007 (maximizing interoperability and usability of metadata)

8. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto A walk down memory lane - 7 But not yet… OCLC WorldCat Steve.museum Endeca; Primo (ExLibris); Encore (Innovative Interfaces); WorldCat Local Biblio Commons – “ the first truly social online catalog” –Free Range Librarian blog, Nov 2007

9. Time flies …when you’re having fun Or immersed in a digital revolution

10. A/V materials … from “non- book” channel … To digital mainstream

11. And A/V cataloguers … from Cinderella … To Metaverse avatar

12. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Cinderella …???

13. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Some operational definitions Metaverse: The Metaverse is a virtual world, described in Neal Stephenson's 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash, where humans, as avatars, interact with each other and software agents, in a three-dimensional space that uses the metaphor of the real world. The word metaverse is a compound of the words "meta" and "universe".virtual worldNeal Stephensonscience fictionSnow Crash avatars software agentsthree-dimensionalmetauniverse -- Wikipedia

14. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Libraries in the Metaverse of Second Life Over 400 tech-savvy librarians representing over 30 academic libraries are currently active in Second Life.. On Information Island, users can ask questions at a virtual reference desk, search Google, Wikipedia and other resources, and participate in lectures.

15. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto

16. So here we are … Virtual reference librarians …avatars in metaverse … But where are the cataloguers …??

17. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Whoaaaa … a step back Developments in cataloguing from 1998- 2008 as they relate to the dynamic evolution of born digital resources

18. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Where it began for AACR – The Toronto Conference, 1997 International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR - Toronto Conference 1997 Three areas of particular interest: Considering AACR within context of FRBR and user tasks – Find, Identify, Select, Obtain (FISO) – and entities – Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item Logical structure of Parts 1 and 2 of AACR – entity- relationship modelling Primacy of carrier over content (AACR 0.24)

19. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Towards AACR3 … JSC continues to issue amendments to AACR2 – 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 JSC continues work on revisions to 0.24; Chapter 3, 9, 12 (seriality); logical structure; principles September 2004 – Delsey appointed editor of AACR3 October 2004 – JSC sees Part I of AACR3; December 2004 Draft issued for constituency review Extensive comment in response to review review of Draft for discussion at JSC meeting, April 2005

20. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Towards RDA … April 2005 – name change to RDA – Parts I (Resource Description), II (Relationship), III (Access Point Control) proposed December 2005 – Draft of RDA Part I (Chapters 1-2, 4-6) issued for constituency review April 2006 – RDA restructured to Parts A (incorporating former Parts I and II) and B (Part III) – or, loosely, bibliographic elements based on FRBR model (Part A), and authority control elements based on FRAD model (Part B)

21. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Towards RDA … August 2006 – Part A – Categorization of content and carrier October 2006 – IME ICC draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles affirmed as basis of cataloguing principles throughout RDA October 2006 – meeting with Dublin Core and IEEE-LOM representative – engagement with metadata communities

22. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto RDA 2009 … October 2007 – new organization for RDA announced – 10 sections; 37 chapters – to fine-tune RDA to better align with FRBR/FRAD models December 2007 – Drafts of Sections 2-4, and 9 issued for review Complete full draft of RDA to be issued in online product for review, mid- October 2008

23. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto RDA 2009 … RDA released in third quarter of 2009! LC, NAL, and NLM – “… a decision to implement the rules will be based upon the positive evaluation of RDA's utility within the library and information environment …. - D. Marcum (May 1, 2008) 2009/early 2010 CoP national libraries evaluate prior to implementation – JSC Sept. 19, 2008

24. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Resolving the “content/carrier problem” from AACR - 1 RDA 6.10 Content type Content type reflects the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived. For content expressed in the form of an image or images, content type also reflects the number of spatial dimensions in which the content is intended to be perceived and the perceived presence or absence of movement.

25. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Resolving the “content/carrier problem” from AACR - 2 RDA 3.2 Media type Media type reflects the general type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource.

26. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Resolving the “content/carrier problem” from AACR - 3 RDA 3.3 Carrier Type Carrier type reflects the format of the storage medium and housing of a carrier in combination with the type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource.

27. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto So what about the content/carrier types? Based on and derived from the RDA-ONIX Framework for Resource Categorization (August 2006) Clearly delineates content from carrier Recognizes increasing prominence/ predominance of non-textual resources Specific; detailed; inclusive (and exclusive) Brings together two metadata “communities” – cataloguing and publishing Possibilities for harvesting, exchanging data following common standard

28. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto ISBD Consolidated Bringing the “family of ISBDs” together in one consolidated text – with “preliminary” signalling other changes to come Pending worldwide review of changes to material designations – recognizing importance of signalling content and carrier in a separate [new] area of description RDA views ISBD as display format

29. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto IME ICC - 1 Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, April 10, 2008 version Introduction: “These new principles replace and broaden the Paris Principles from just textual works to all types of materials ….” (p.1) General Objectives (p. 2) 0.9 Integration. The descriptions for all types of materials …should be based on a common set of rules, as far as possible.

30. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto IME ICC - 2 Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, April 10, 2008 version. Content type – A designation that reflects the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived. Content type reflects attributes of both work and expression. [Source: modified from Jan. 2008 Glossary for RDA] may serve as optional access points or as filtering or limiting devices for a search (7.1.3)

31. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto IME ICC - 3 Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, April 10, 2008 version. Carrier type – a designation that reflects the format of the storage medium and housing of a carrier in combination with the type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource. [Source: modified from Jan. 2008 Glossary for RDA] – may serve as optional access points or as filtering or limiting devices for a search (7.1.3)

32. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Bringing it all together … In 1998 the world was simpler … Or so we think, now! BUT in 2008 … We have tools (RDA, FRBR; FRAD; etc.) We have better technologies We have more friends (museums, archives, publishers, etc.) We have more sources of information (metadata) We have places at multiple tables, and even more credibility We have an untapped source of even more information – in Web 2.0 terms

33. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Bringing it all together - 2 And it’s also true we have more “stuff” More born digital More “A/V” to catalogue Much more And we have David Weinberger: “The Library of Congress’s carefully engineered, highly evolved processes for ordering information simply won’t work in the new world of digital information.” (Everything is Miscellaneous, c2007) And LIS education that is less “amenable” to “cataloguing courses”

34. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto This is Where Mainstream Helps! Pretend you are a metaverse avatar – perhaps a CATavar Capable of drawing analogies for dealing with new formats Sufficiently skilled and experienced to put RDA in context – content, media, carrier types Serving metaphorically as the metadata gatherer – combining the best of controlled vocabularies with social tagging Harvesting user-created metadata to complement standards-derived metadata (LibraryThing =>Library) [see also steve.museum]

35. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Still pretending to be a CATavar Using Web 2.0 in the metaverse to create Library X.0 communicats – OPACs for the people (and a little bit by the people) Determining where structure is important, and where there is room for public engagement all those digital images, and MP3s, and tagged collections of infinite variety (and, of course, of some inherent value to our repositories)

36. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Bearing in mind that … “… open doesn’t always work. Sometimes we do need closed, controlled. We need a world with both open and closed.” Chair, Creative Commons James Boyle

37. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Finally …(almost) It is a keynote’s prerogative to be provocative – even fun Melville’s world is changing, but the foundations still pertain You will spend 3 days revisiting fundamentals, while also engaging with what’s new You can forget everything that seems frivolous in what I have said Melville Dewey

38. Sept 26-08Copyright Lynne C. Howarth, U of Toronto Finally (this time) You have a real life, and a real job, in a real world, with real digital and other resources BUT … In those moments between learning Think of an Island, a metaverse Where virtual CATavars gather metadata from virtual avatars to create records for the collections of virtual resources in the Island Library Think Library X.0 AND …

39. Get a Second Life!

40. Thank-you! Questions? Comments?