1. Society Changes over time
Chapter 5
Sociology

2. Pre-Industrial Society
Hunter-gatherer
Small nomadic groups
Few material goods
Family is the only institution
Division of labor based on sex and age
Male and female roles equally important
Horticultural
Subsistence growing of plants
More permanent settlements led to larger societies
Pastoral
Raising and caring for animals for food
Long term permanent settlements
Social inequalities develop
Status difference develops between men and women
Agricultural
Subsistence farming using plows and animals
More people able to engage in noneconomic endeavors
Cities are built
Family ties remain important but government replaces family as guiding force
Social classes emerge
Monetary systems replace bartering

3. Industrial Society Agriculture based on profit
Mechanization replaces human and animal power
Society becomes dependent on science and technology to produce its basic goods and services
Urbanization occurs
Emergence of growing middle class
Role of family changes based on working class or Middle Class status

4. Durkheim vs Tönnies According to Ferdinand Tönnies
According to Emile Durkheim
Mechanical Solidarity exists in Pre-Industrial Society
Consensus of beliefs, norms, values
Strong social pressure to conform
Dependence on family and tradition
Organic Solidarity exists in Industrial Society
Members depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs
Complex specialization makes members interdependent
According to Ferdinand Tönnies
Pre-industrial societies are based on tradition, kinship and close social ties
Industrial societies have weak family ties, are based on competition and impersonal relationships.

5. Post-Industrial Society
Labor force is majority service oriented
White collar employment replaces blue collar work
Technological knowledge is key
Heavy reliance on computers
Rise in crime and social disorder
A variety of social norms and values emerge