1. NON SENIORS Go to UHStitans.com
Click “Teachers” in the upper left corner
Scroll down and click “D’Ambrosio, Lauren”
Click “Marine Science” on the right
Scroll down to the heading that says “Links” and click the first link “Course Recommendations”
Fill out the form

2. Wednesday, January 18th
Objective: I will be able to use the food web to distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Agenda:
Review key terms
Homework:
None 

3. Energy in an Ecosystem

4. On your white board give an example of the following:
Producer
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer

5. Producers (autotrophs)
Sunlight is the main energy source for life on earth
Use light (photosynthesis) or
chemical (chemosynthesis)
energy to make food
1. Plants
2. plant-like protists (algae)
3. Bacteria

6. Consumers (heterotrophs)
Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply

7. Herbivores—obtain energy by
eating only plants
Carnivores—eat only animals

8. Omnivores—eat both plants and animals
Detritivores- eat dead organic matter.
Decomposers- are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds.

9. Feeding Interactions
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction—from the sun to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs (consumers)

10. Food Chain—series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Ex: grass cricket frog raccoon

11. Food Web—network of food chains within an ecosystem
Hawks
Weasels
Raccoons
Mice
Grass

12. Food Webs

13. Trophic Levels— each step in a food chain or food web
1. Level 1—Producers (autotrophs)
2. Level 2—Primary Consumers (herbivores)
3. Level 3—Secondary Consumers
(carnivores or omnivores)
4. Level 4—Tertiary Consumers
(carnivore—usually top carnivore)

14. Which trophic level contains the most energy?
Make a hypothesis!
(Write on the left side of your notebook)
Which trophic level contains the most energy?

15. Energy Pyramid shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level
1. Organisms in a trophic level use the available energy for life processes (such as growth, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, metabolism, etc.)and release some energy as heat

16. Rule of 10—only about 10% of the available energy within a trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level

17. 100%
10% 1%
0.1%
Biomass Pyramid—represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level
Biomass Pyramid

18. Energy and Biomass Pyramid (together)
Represents amount of energy available at each level as well as amount of living tissue—both decrease with each increasing trophic level

19. An organism is an individual living thing, such as an alligator.

20. A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area.
Organism

21. A community is a group of different species that live together in one area.
Population
Organism

22. An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

23. Biome
A biome is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

24. Thursday, January 19th
Pg. 82 RTW: Why does the majority of Earth’s biomass reside in the bottom trophic layer?
Objective: I will be able to give reasons for competition between organisms, such as availability of resources, space, and food.
Agenda:
Turn in Coral Article if you haven’t
Finish notes
Homework:
Be prepared for a test next week!

25. V. Ecological Interactions between organisms
Competition—when two organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.
Ex: food, water, shelter

26. Monkeys compete with each other and other animals for food.
Rams compete with each other for mates.

27. Until Americans introduced gray squirrels into parts of England in the early 20th century, red squirrels had been the only species of squirrel in the country. The gray squirrels were larger and bred faster and successfully competed for resources. Within a couple years of overlap in an area, the red squirrels disappeared.

28. B. Niche—the ecological niche involves both the
B. Niche—the ecological niche involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat.
Example: The ecological niche of a sunflower growing in the backyard includes absorbing light, water and nutrients (for photosynthesis), providing shelter and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.), and giving off oxygen into the atmosphere.

29. “Address”—Soil, Ground, etc.
The ecological niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. By analogy, it may be said that the habitat is the organism’s “address”, and the niche is its “profession”, biologically speaking.
“Address”—Soil, Ground, etc.
Worm’s Niche
“Profession”– Mix-up soil

30. C. Predation—one organism captures and feeds on another organism
1. Predator—one that does the killing
2. Prey—one that is the food

32. 1. Mutualism—both species benefit (WIN-WIN) a. Ex: insects and flowers
D. Symbiosis—any relationship in which two species live closely together
1. Mutualism—both species benefit (WIN-WIN)
a. Ex: insects and flowers
Can you think of any other examples that we’ve talked about in class?

33. Example: barnacles on a whale
2. Commensalism—one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
(WIN-0)
Example: barnacles on a whale

34. Birds build nests in trees.
The Remora fish attaches to the shark and gets a free ride.
Commensalism
Birds build nests in trees.

35. 3. Parasitism—one organisms lives on or inside another organism (host) and harms it.
The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the host. (WIN-LOSE)
Example: fleas on a dog

36. Parasitism Wasp eggs on back of caterpillar.
Sea lampreys feed on fluids of other fish.
Mosquito biting a human.

37. Mutualism, Commensalism or Parasitism??

38. Honors: Textbook Questions pg. 82
pg questions 1-5 and in the tan “Study Question” box

39. Friday, January 20th
Honors: Finish book questions Pg. 82 RTW: Give an example of a symbiotic relationship.
Objective: I will be able to give reasons for competition between organisms, such as availability of resources, space, and food.
Agenda:
10 % Rule Activity
Homework:
Be prepared for a test next week 1/27!

40. Pg. 82/84 Sketch the energy flow pyramid What did the water represent?
What percent of the water made it to the shark?
Why, what happened to it?
How is energy lost in real ecosystems as it moves up the pyramid?
How many levels were in this pyramid and why will real ecosystems rarely have more than 4 or 5 levels?