1. LONG TERM CAUSES TO WORLD WAR I
MILITARISM – the buildup of large armies in preparation for war; used conscription - draft (Russia army number 1.3 million, Britain & Germany in arms race)
ALLIANCE SYSTEM – Agreements or Promises to defend and help another country
IMPERIALISM – Stronger countries dominate weaker ones in order to expand; colonial competition
NATIONALISM – Intense pride and loyalty of a nation; leads to competition

2. Bell ringer
Write down three things you know about World War I (Causes, people, battles, weapons introduced, etc.)

3. IMMEDIATE CAUSES TO WW1 Balkan region very unstable
Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand)
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, July 28
- Russia mobilizes troops, alliance w/ Serbs
- Germany declared war on Russia and France (August 1 and August 3)

4. ALLIANCES Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia)
Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)

5. The naval strength of the powers in 1914
Country
Personnel
Large Naval Vessels (Dreadnoughts)
Tonnage
Russia
54,000 4
328,000
France
68,000 10
731,000
Britain
209,000 29
2,205,000
TOTAL
331,000 43
3,264,000
Germany
79,000 17
1,019,000
Austria-Hungary
16,000
249,000
95,000 21
1,268,000
(Source: Ferguson 1999, p. 85)

7. Bell ringer Why were European nations expanding?
Where did they Colonize?
Write down THREE things you already KNOW about World War I

10. WAR STRATEGIES - Germany’s Schlieffen Plan
- Strategy to invade France via neutral Belgium, one problem: brings British into war (had alliance w/ British)

11. Bell ringer What were the 4 MAIN Long term causes of WWI?
Triple Entente = France, Britain, _______
Triple Alliance = Austria-Hungary, _______

12. 3. New Technology = New Deadly Weapons
Machine Gun
Tank
- Could easily hold off attacking forces
- British 1st to use the Tank
- Used as defense
- Were unreliable, slow
Gas warfare
Heavy Artillery
- Could fire from far away, very powerful
- Fumes caused vomiting, blindness

13. Airplane Zeppelins Submarines Dreadnaughts
- First used for observation
- Were then used to attack (Drop bombs, guns attached)
Submarines
- German U-boats very effective in cutting off trade
Dreadnaughts

14. 3. (ctd.) New Effects War Caused
Physical & Psychological problems with trenches
- Trench Foot
- Shell Shock
- Starvation
- Suicide

15. 4. The Western Front -First Battle of the Marne
- German invasion of France halted at the Marne River for 3 years from 1914 to 1917
- establishing stalemated Trench Warfare from the English Channel to Switzerland for next 4 years

16. 4. (ctd.)The Western Front
Battle of Verdun
- went on for 10 months, land gained = 2 miles
German flamethrower, poison gas introduced - clean out trenches
- Casualties 700,000+ dead,
indecisive battle
- WWI becomes a War of Attrition : wear other side down, exhaust them of all supplies

17. Bell ringer 1. Fill this out:M A I N
2. Describe 2 weapons and their advantages in WWI
3. Explain the psychological impact of Trench warfare on the soldiers.

23. The Western Front Battle of the Somme - Introduction of the tank
- British offensive on the Germans, July 1916
- Introduction of the tank
- saw more casualties in a single day of battle than any other battle in world’s history (57,000+)
- Over 800,000 casualties by September, 1916

24. The Eastern Front – Ottoman Empire
Armenian Genocide ( )
- The destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire
Armenians (Christians) looking for independence from Ottoman (Muslim) rule
Armenians blamed for siding with Allies, Ottoman Govt. says they must be rooted out and killed
Armenian Orphans
March of the Armenians

25. Ottoman Empire, 1914

26. The Eastern Front Armenian Genocide (1914-1916)
- 1.5 Million Armenians killed by the Young Turk Party in control in the Ottoman Empire
- Deportation of Armenians out of Armenia to the desert to die
2 Armenian boys die in Syria 1916

28. 5. The Eastern Front
While war on western front a stalemate, war on the Eastern front was much more fluid
Central Powers won battle after battle exacting enormous casualties on the Russians (over 6.5 million in 3 years!)
The Russian army used outdated weapons and tactics

29. Bell Ringer Describe the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
How were non-European states treated after WWI?

30. Steps of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution
Many social and Political problems in Russia pre-WWI
Still under absolute rule: Nicholas II, weak
Massive starvation, famines, Russia losing battles in WWI, people want out
- V.I. Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks (communist party)
-Lenin takes over as leader of Russia, believes in violent revolution, agrees to pull out of World War I, signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
-Civil War: Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (Anti-Communists), eventually Bolsheviks win
-Communists use of terror to control Russia – Cheka (secret police) & Gulags (prison camps)
Czar Nicholas II
Vladimir Lenin

31. Characteristics of the Soviet Union after Revolution
Lenin forced to rebuild a broken Russia
Creates New Govt.: included elected legislature, universal suffrage
New Economic Policy: retreat from communism
Allowance of small businesses to enter open market
farmers to keep farms & profit
Soviet economy begins to recover
Lenin dies, Joseph Stalin takes over

32. Bell ringer Identify: “Spark” that set off WWI
2. Compare the Eastern and Western fronts of WWI. How different were they?
3. What events brought America into the war?

34. 5. (ctd.)Gallipoli Campaign
War in West at a stalemate, both sides looking for an ally.
Allies tried to attack a new spot, at Gallipoli (near Istanbul in Ottoman Empire)
Many colonial (ANZAC) soldiers of France and Britain’s Empire sent to Gallipoli
Allies surrounded by entrenched Turks & the ocean
Complete failure

35. Bell ringer What decision ultimately brought the British into the war?
Why is WWI considered a new kind of war?

36. ASSIGNMENT For each document, answer the following questions:
What is the Main Idea of the document?
What is the cause of World War I?
Militarism?
Alliance System?
Imperialism?
Nationalism?

37. 5. Why is WWI a “World War”?
Japan joined the Allied Powers, attacked German colonies in Asia
Ottoman Empire joins Central powers, invaded by British, Russians (Armenian Genocide)
European colonies in Africa, Asia called on to help support war

39. 6. The Home Front
Governments of countries in war began controlling the economy (anti-laissez-faire)
Men sent off to fight, women performed formerly “male jobs”
Most crucial job – armaments, esp. explosives
Many countries gave women suffrage

40. U.S. Intervention U.S. had adopted policy of Neutrality during WWI
1. Unrestricted submarine warfare - sinking of the Lusitania (killed 128 Americans)
2. Anti-German Propaganda movement
3. Zimmerman Note – German attempt to conspire against the US - German ambassador writes to Mexican Govt. to attack U.S., intercepted by British

41. Propaganda
Propaganda – ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
Examples
Nationalism (War glorious, fight to defend country)
Religious (“God calls you”)
Rations (Limit food intake)

45. U.S. Homefront Propaganda
When the United States finally entered the war, it was Total War. Everyone was affected and as many resources possible went to the war effort.

46. Buy War Bonds! What is being symbolized here?
Think about how fear can be used in propaganda.
Notice the two unknowing kids and the oldest who seems to be looking at something up in the sky.

47. Saving Gas

48. Unification
It is important for any government in war that all the people be united in the war effort. Even black people and women were targeted by propaganda in the United States. How might this create lasting effects after the war?

49. More Homefront Propaganda
War Bonds weren’t the only way a person could help in the effort. As men left to fight, women took over the jobs in the factories. Rosie Riveter is one of the most popular posters ever created in the United States.
Think about what the arm symbolizes. What about her facial appearance/expression?

50. Interesting how every side says God is on our side
Interesting how every side says God is on our side. In Germany, Hitler is shown ordained by God, but in America, the portrayal is quite different. Who is right?

52. Italian Contrast Religion
- An Italian poster from World War II using the image of Jesus to elicit support for the fascist cause from the largely Catholic population. The portrayal of an African-American US Army soldier desecrating a church fosters racist sentiment.

53. Against Handicap
- This poster is from the 1930's, and promotes the Nazi monthly Neues Volk (New People), the organ of the party's racial office. The text reads: "This genetically ill person will cost our people's community 60,000 marks over his lifetime. Citizens, that is your money. Read Neues Volk, the monthly of the racial policy office of the NSDAP."

54. ASSIGNMENT – PROPAGANDA POSTER
You will create a propaganda poster during wartime using the same methods shown with each example.
When creating your poster consider the following:
What message are you trying to convey?
Be careful in your color selection.
Put thought into the poster.
******The top 5 posters receive extra credit.

55. Bell ringer Triple Entente = France, Britain, _______
Triple Alliance = Austria-Hungary, _______
Explain Propaganda and it’s role in WWI.
Why did the United States declare war on Germany and enter the war?

56. U.S. Intervention
More than 1 million American troops pouring into France (American Expeditionary Force, led by Gen. John Pershing)
U.S. entry into the war provides:
Psychological boost
Fresh men
Fresh Materials
Germany routed in 1 year after US intervention
Kaiser Wilhelm (German Leader) surrenders

57. Country Total Dead Wounded
Russia
6,650,000
    1,700,000
5,950,000
Germany
5,989,758
2,037,700
4,216,058
France
5,623,800
1,357,800
4,266,000
Austria-Hungary
4,820,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
British Empire*
2,998,583
908,371
2,090,300
Italy
1,597,000
650,000
947,000
Serbia
1,178,148
450,000
728,148
Ottoman Empire
725,000
325,000
400,000
Romania
455,706
335,706
120,000
United States
360,300
126,000
234,300
Bulgaria
239,890
87,500
152,390
Canada*
239,605
66,655
172,950
Australia*
218,501
59,330
159,171
Montenegro
60,000
50,000
10,000
Belgium
58,402
13,716
44,686
Greece
26,000
5,000
21,000
Portugal
20,973
7,222
13,751
Japan
1,207
300
907

58. OUTCOMES OF WORLD WAR I
Loss of an entire generation (15 million deaths, mainly men 18-40)
Spanish Influenza – killed 20 million (more than all of WWI)
War destroyed whole towns and cities, costly to rebuild
Governments collapsed: Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Unrest swept all over these collapsed societies and colonies

59. Paris Peace Conference
Meeting between the Allies to discuss the fate of Europe
Conflicting goals
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson urges “peace without victory”, outlined in his 14 Points
British & French unwilling to work with Wilson, want Germany to pay for the war
Creation of a “League of Nations”: group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of the world

60. Bell Ringer What were the MAIN causes of World War I?
Compare Wilson’s plans for peace to Britain and France’s post-war plans at the Paris Peace Conference.

61. Treaty of Versailles Germany forced to take the blame
Germany forced to pay reparations: war damages ($30 billion, or $2.7 trillion today)
De-militarized Germany
Took German land and colonies

62. Outcomes of the Peace Settlements
New nations were created out of dissolved Empires in Europe (Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslavakia)
Self-determination only applied to Europe – African, Asian colonies became Mandates: territories administered by Britain, France
The Mandate System was really just glorified Imperialism