1. Art Before the Renaissance Romanesque (11-12c) & Gothic (12-15c)
Background Cultures
Art Before the Renaissance
Prehistoric 30,000 BCE--3,000 BCE
Ancient 3000 BCE--400 CE
Medieval CE
Early Medieval
High Medieval
Romanesque (11-12c) & Gothic (12-15c)
[Renaissance ]

2. Chinese Art, 7000 life-size soldiers, Mausoleum of 1st Emperor, c210 BCE

3. Chinese Art, FAN KUAN, Travelers among Mountains and Streams, 6’10”, Northern Song Dyn. Early 11c

4. Early Mediieval Art, Book of Kells, Chi Rho Iota page, early 9c, Iona Scotland

5. Early Medieval, Carolingian, Aachen Gospels, 4 Evangelists, c810 CE

6. Early Medieval, Carolingian, Ebbo Gospels, Matthew writing, Reims School, c830

7. Early Medieval, Viking, Oseberg Ship, 75’6”, Oslo, Norway

8. Romanesque Art, England, Bayeux Tapestry, 230’ long, Halley’s Comet as omen, 1066

9. Romanesque, France, Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070–1120.9

10. Interior of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120.

11. Romanesque, France, Moissac Church, Prophet on pillar supporting lintel, early 12c

12. Romanesque, GISLEBERTUS, Last Judgment, west tympanum of Saint-Lazare, Autun, France, ca. 1120–1135. Marble, 21’ wide at base. 12

13. Autun, Tympanum detail

14. Gothic Art, France, Chartres Cathedral, 1145-1230

15. Gothic, West facade, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca15

16. Figure 18-6 Royal Portal, west facade, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145–1155.
Chartres West, Royal Portal, 16

17. Chartres, Old Testament kings and queens, column statues, central doorway of Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145–1155. 17

18. Gothic Art, Annunciation and Visitation, column statues of central doorway, west facade, Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, ca 18

19. Gothic, Chartres Cathedral, interior, 1194-1220 (120’ vaults)

20. Gothic, Beauvais Cathedral, France, choir, 1284-- (vaults 157’6”)

21. Gothic Art, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1138 Biblical scenes, 1243-8

22. Late Gothic Art, Germany, Virgin with the Dead Christ (Röttgen Pietà), from the Rhineland, Germany, ca. 1300–1325. Painted wood, 2’ 10 1/2” high. Rheinisches Landemuseum, Bonn. 22

23. Italy

24. Italy Around 1400 24 24

25. 13th & 14th Century Europe
Growing population, urbanization, and middle class
100 Years War (France vs. England),
Black Plague/Death, ; 40-80% died!
Great Schism of Church: Avignon Papacy ; 2 Popes,
Guilds of Artisans and Craftsmen organized
Mendicant Orders: Franciscans & Dominicans: Teaching & preaching
Theology: Logic of St. Thomas Acquinas
Mysticism of St. Bonaventura
Humanism: “The discovery of man and the natural world.”
~ New focus on humanity ~
Dante, Petrarch, & Boccaccio

26. Artist: n/a
Title: Cathedral Complex, Pisa
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: Cathedral, begun 1063; Baptistry, begun 1153; Campanile, begun 1174; Campo Santo, 13th century
Source/ Museum: Tuscany, Italy
Pisa Cathedral Complex, Tuscany, Italy. Cathedral 1063-, Baptistry 1153-, Campanile 1174-

27. NICOLA PISANO, pulpit of the baptistery, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260
NICOLA PISANO, pulpit of the baptistery, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble, 15’ high. 27

28. Nicola Pisano, the Virtue Fortitude depicted as the classical Hercules, Pisa Baptistry Pulpit, 1260

29. NICOLA PISANO, Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds, relief panel on the baptistery pulpit, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble, 2’ 10” x 3’ 9”. 29

30. GIOVANNI PISANO, Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds, relief panel on the pulpit of Sant’Andrea, Pistoia, Italy, 1297–1301. Marble 2’ 10” x 3’ 4”. 30

31. Palazzo della Signoria (town Hall), Florence, 1299-1310
Artist: n/a
Title: Piazza Della Signoria with Palazzo Della Signoria (town Hall)
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date:
Source/ Museum: Florence, Italy
Palazzo della Signoria (town Hall), Florence,

32. Duomo (Cathedral) of Florence with Campanile and Baptistry
Artist: Arnolfo di Cambio, Francesco Talenti, Andrea Orcagna, and others. Drum and dome by Brunelleschi, bell tower (Campanile) by Giotto, Andrea Pisano, and Francesco Talenti
Title: Florence Cathedral (Duomo)
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: ; ; c
Source/ Museum: Florence, Italy
Duomo (Cathedral) of Florence with Campanile and Baptistry

33. ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO and others, Florence Cathedral (aerial view looking northeast), Florence, Italy, begun 1296. 33 33

34. Florence Cathedral (Duomo)
Plan 1294, construction begun 1296, redesigned 1357 and 1366, drum and dome
Plan 1294, construction begun 1296, redesigned 1357 and 1366, drum and dome
Artist: n/a
Title: Florence Cathedral (Duomo)
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: Plan 1294, construction begun 1296, redesigned 1357 and 1366, drum and dome
Source/ Museum: Illustration by Philipe Biard in Guide Gallimard Florence © Gallimard Loisirs
Florence Cathedral (Duomo)

35. Arnolfo di Cambio and others, interior of Florence Cathedral (looking east), Florence, Italy, begun 1296. 35 35

36. CIMABUE, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, from Santa Trinità, Florence, Italy, ca. 1280–1290. Tempera and gold on wood, Galleria degli Uffizi 36 36

39. GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Madonna Enthroned, from the Church of Ognissanti, Florence, Italy, ca Tempera and gold leaf on wood, 10’ 8” x 6’ 8”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. 39 39

41. Giotto di Bondone, Arena Chapel (Cappella Scrovegni; interior looking east), Padua, Italy, 1305–1306. 41 41

42. Giotto, Arena Chapel, Last Judgement, west wall, 1306

43. Detail, Hell in Last Judgement

44. Artist: Giotto di Bondone
Title: Marriage at Cana, Raising of Lazarus, Resurrection, and Lamentation
Medium: Frescoes
Size: Each scene approx. 6' 5” x 6' (2 x 1.85 m)
Date:
Source/ Museum: North wall of Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua

45. Marriage at Cana, Arena Chapel, by Giotto, 1306

46. Giotto, Joachim after his offering reject was rejected.

47. Giotto, Arena Ch. Arrest of Christ

48. Giotto, Lamentation, Padua, 1305
Artist: Giotto di Bondone
Title: Lamentation
Medium: Fresco
Size: 6' 5” x 6' (2 x 1.85 m)
Date:
Source/ Museum: Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua
Giotto, Lamentation, Padua, 1305

50. LORENZO MAITANI, west facade of Orvieto Cathedral, Orvieto, Italy, begun 131050 50

51. Siena Cathedral, 1284-1299 Artist: n/a Title: Siena Cathedral
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 1284–99
Source/ Museum: Siena, Italy. Lower west façade,
Siena Cathedral,

52. Front of Maesta by Duccio

53. Back of Maesta by Duccio

54. Artist: Duccio di Buoninsegna
Title: Virgin and Child in Majesty
Medium: Tempera and gold on wood panel
Size: 7' x 13' 6” ( 2.13 x 3.96 m)
Date:
Source/ Museum: Central Panel from Maestà Altarpiece Siena Cathedral. Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena
DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, principal panel of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1308–1311. Tempera and gold leaf on wood, 7’ x 13’ (center panel). Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

56. DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Betrayal of Jesus, detail from the back of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1309–1311. Tempera on wood, detail approx. 1’ 10 1/2” x 3’ 4”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

58. Lamentation from Maesta, 1308-11

59. SIMONE MARTINI AND LIPPO MEMMI(
SIMONE MARTINI AND LIPPO MEMMI(?), Annunciation, altarpiece, from Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1333 (frame reconstructed in the19th century). Tempera and gold leaf on wood, center panel 10’ 1” x 8’ 8 3/4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

60. SIMONE MARTINI AND LIPPO MEMMI(
SIMONE MARTINI AND LIPPO MEMMI(?), Annunciation, altarpiece, from Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1333 (frame reconstructed in the19th century). Tempera and gold leaf on wood, center panel 10’ 1” x 8’ 8 3/4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. 60 60

61. Simone Martini, Guidoriccio da Fogliano, Pal. Pubblico, Siena, 1328-30
11’x32’

62. PIETRO LORENZETTI, The Birth of the Virgin, from Altar of Saint Savinus, Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, Tempera on wood, approx. 6’ 1” x 5’ 11”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

63. Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Suckling Madonna, c1330

64. INSERT FIGURE 19-15
Aerial view of the Campo with the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy, 1288–1309. 64

65. Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy, 1288–1309.

66. Artist: Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Title: Fresco series of the Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico
Medium: n/a
Size: Length of long wall about 46' (14 m)
Date:
Source/ Museum: Siena city hall, Siena, Italy
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Fresco series of Good and Bad Government, Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico,

67. Artist: Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Title: Allegory of Good Government in the City
Medium: n/a
Size: Length of long wall about 46' (14 m)
Date:
Source/ Museum: Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Fresco series of Good Government, Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico,

69. Artist: Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Title: Allegory of Good Government in the Country
Medium: n/a
Size: Length of long wall about 46' (14 m)
Date:
Source/ Museum: Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Fresco series of Good and Bad Government in the Countryside, Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico,

70. Doge’s Palace, Venice, Italy, begun c1340-45; remodelled 1424-38
Figure Doge’s Palace, Venice, Italy, begun ca ; expanded and remodeled,
Doge’s Palace, Venice, Italy, begun c ; remodelled 70