2. Chapter 11 Section 1 Jackson as President Main Idea: Jackson’s presidency was filled with conflicts that change the American government.

3. “Old Hickory” Born in a Log Cabin Gain famed during the War of 1812 Called “Old Hickory” because his soldiers said he was tough as a old hickory stick Americans felt that his rise from a log cabin to the White House was an American success story Became the voice for the “Common Man”

4. Inauguration ”ABOUT to undertake the arduous duties that I have been appointed to perform by the choice of a free people, I avail myself of this customary and solemn occasion to express the gratitude which their confidence inspires and to acknowledge the accountability which my situation enjoins. While the magnitude of their interests convinces me that no thanks can be adequate to the honor they have conferred, it admonishes me that the best return I can make is the zealous dedication of my humble abilities to their service and their good.”

5. New Voters States had limited suffrage – the right to vote 1815 – states loosening the requirements Between 1824 to 1828 the percentage of white male voters from 26.9 to 57.6 percent. 1840 – Increased to 80 percent Democracy rises

6. The Spoil System Bureaucracy – a system in which nonelected officials carry out laws ▫What are some bureaucratic jobs today? Democrats argue that ordinary citizens could handle government jobs Jackson fired federal workers and replaced them with friends ▫Opponents said Jackson was a tyrant “To the victor belongs the spoils” “kitchen cabinet”

8. Electoral Changes Abandons Caucus System: Political candidates are chosen by committees made up of members of Congress Replaced by Nominating Conventions: Delegates from the states selected the party’s presidential candidate

9. Electoral Changes First Democratic Convention in held in Baltimore, Maryland in 1832 and Andrew Jackson wins the nomination. More people participate in selection of candidates

11. The Tariff Debate Tariff – a fee paid by merchants who imported goods 1828 – Congress passed high tariff on manufactured goods from Europe What would happen as a result?

12. South and the Tariff Why would the South hate tariffs? South and critics argues that tariff forced consumers to buy American goods and made higher prices.

13. South Protests Who was John C Calhoun? Calhoun argued for states’ rights to nullify: cancel or make ineffective Southern states called to Secede: Break away from Did the states have the right to secede?

14. Calhoun Argues Calhoun drew from the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions He based his opinions on the theory of states' rights, the idea that some powers were reserved for the states. Federal Government creation of the states = states are final authority if the constitutionality of federal laws ▫the states, rather than the Supreme Court, should have the power to decide what the Constitution means The protective tariff, Calhoun said, should be nullified because it helped one section of the country at the expense of the others. Calhoun carried the idea of states' rights to a new extreme.

16. The Webster-Hayne Debate Senator Daniel Webster attacked nullification and challenged a speech by Senator Robert Hayne from South Carolina Webster said that the federal union had been created by the people, not by the states. Webster argued that nullification would mean the end of the Union “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”

17. Jackson and Nullification Calhoun expected Jackson, who was known as a "states' rights man," to back up his southern supporters Jackson supports federal power Calhoun resigns the Vice Presidency

18. The Nullification Crisis Congress reduced the tariff rates in 1832, but South Carolina was still not satisfied Passed The Nullification Act: Declared that they would not pay the “illegal tariff of 1828 and 1832.

19. Jackson and Nullification "The laws of the United States must be executed,“ "If one drop of blood be shed their in defiance of the laws of the United States,…I will hang the first man of them I can get my hands on to the first tree I can find."

20. Henry Clay to the Rescue…Again Henry Clay of Kentucky worked out a compromise that lowered tariff rates to the level of 1816. Southern back down, but saw as a victory since they had forced Federal government to do what they wanted. President Jackson accepted the compromise, but he did not like it. He predicted that South Carolina would use the threat to secede from the Union again in the years ahead.