1. Typography Investigate typefaces and fonts. INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHICS

2. Desktop Publishing Involves using a desktop computer and publishing software to create documents for publication. Some examples of Desktop publications include: –Flyers –Newsletters –Magazine and Newspaper Articles –Advertisements –Proposals –Brochures –Certificate –Birthday Invitation –Weeding Invitation –Business Correspondence Letterhead Business cards Envelopes

3. The Target Audience Publications are created to convey a message to the intended audience, called the target audience. The target audience will determine the: –Language used. –Typefaces used. –Colors used. –Graphics used.

4. Typography Many publications will contain a large amount of text to deliver the message. It is important to understand a few basic guidelines for working with text and typography. Typography refers to the design of the characters and the way they are presented on the page.

6. Typefaces, Fonts, and Font Families A typeface is the basic design of a character. Each typeface has a design for each letter of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation symbols and may contain other symbols. Example: ArialABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 !@#$%^&*()_+-=?,.:”’; Click here for more examples of typefaces.

8. Typeface Categories Typefaces can be divided into four main categories. –Serif –Sans Serif –Script –Decorative/Ornamental

9. Serif Typefaces Have attributes or strokes at the tips of the letters called serifs. Examples:  Bodoni  Courier  Goudy  Times New Roman Used for body text in printed publications.  Business correspondence  Book text  Magazine article text  Newspaper text  Newsletter text  Recommended sizes for body text are 10 to 12 points. k

10. Serif Typefaces

11. Sans Serif Typefaces There are no attributes (serifs) at the tips of the letters. Examples: Arial  Gill Sans Berlin Sans  Verdana Used for very large or very small text and for digital display. Webpages  On-screen display Headings  Tables Captions  Headlines k

12. Serif vs Sans Serif Typefaces Sans Serif The ends of each character do not have attributes (serifs)

13. Decorative/Ornamental Typefaces Designed strictly to catch the eye Should be used sparingly. Can be hard to read. Examples Chiller  Broadway Webdings  engravers MT Used for decoration. Headlines on flyers or advertisements. Webdings can be used for symbols in logos.

14. Script Typefaces Appear to have been written by hand with a calligraphy pen or brush –Should never be used to key in all caps. Example French Script Uses Formal Invitations Place cards Poetry Announcements

15. Fonts A font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface.size, weight and styletypeface Each character was a separate block of metal. The letters were “set” on the layout to form the text. Each typeface had a complete set of metal characters for each size, weight, etc.

16. Fonts Continued Each different size or weight required a completely separate set of metal characters. So a font is the specific size, weight and style applied to a typeface. Examples:Arial, bold, 12 point Arial, italic, 14 point Arial, 10 point

17. Font Style The font style refers to the slant, weight and special effects applied to the text. Examples: –Bold –Italic –Underline –Shadow –Small Caps

18. Font Families A font family is the different sizes, weights and variations of a typeface. Examples:Arial Arial Black Arial Narrow Arial Rounded MT Bold

19. 12 Principles of Animation The “12 Laws” or 12 basic principles of animation are a set of rules to adhere by for consistent and beautiful animation. First outlined by Ollie Johnston, the directing animator of Pinocchio, and Frank Thomas of Snow White and the Seven Dwarves fame, animation studios the world over look back to these tenants from the golden age of cartoons.

20. 1981-Book The Illusion of Life: Disney AnimationThe Illusion of Life: Disney Animation

21. 1. Squash and Stretch The most important principle is "squash and stretch", the purpose of which is to give a sense of weight and flexibility to drawn objects.

22. 2. Anticipation Anticipation is used to prepare the audience for an action, and to make the action appear more realistic.Anticipation

23. 3.Staging A pose or action should clearly communicate to the audience the attitude, mood, reaction or idea of the character as it relates to the story and continuity of the story line.

24. 4.Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose These are two different approaches to the actual drawing process. "Straight ahead action" means drawing out a scene frame by frame from beginning to end, while "pose to pose" involves starting with drawing a few key frames, and then filling in the intervals later.

25. 5. Follow Through and Overlapping Action Follow Through - when the main body of the character stops all other parts continue to catch up to the main mass. Overlapping action - is when the character changes direction while his clothes or hair continues forward.

26. 6.Slow In and Slow Out An action starts, we have more drawings near the starting pose, one or two in the middle, and more drawings near the next pose. Slow- ins and Slow-outs soften the action, making it more life like.

27. 7. Arc Arcs give animation a more natural action and better flow. All actions, with few exceptions (such as the animation of a mechanical device), follow an arc or slightly circular path. Arcs give animation a more natural actions and better flow.

28. 8. Secondary Action This action adds to and enriches the main action Adds more dimension to the character animation, supplementing and/or re-enforcing the main action.

29. 9.Timing Timing refers to the number of drawings or frames for a given action, which translates to the speed of the action on film.

30. 10. Exaggeration Is an effect especially useful for animation, as perfect imitation of reality can look static and dull in cartoons.

31. 11.Solid drawing The basic Principles of drawing apply to animation as it does to academic drawing.

32. 12. Appeal In a cartoon character corresponds to what would be called charisma in an actor.charisma