1. Quick Review: What events help to bring about the Industrial Revolution? 2 2nd Agricultural Revolution: why is it “2nd? E Enclosures: what was the effect? P Population growth. Due to what? C Coal: What made this so vital? W Who perfected Steam engine? hat is smelting? How does it improve quality of iron?

2. 19.2: Britain Leads the Way

3. I. Setting the Stage for a Revolution A. Setting the Stage: –A–A–A–Agricultural Production in 1700s improved –M–M–M–More food was produced –P–P–P–Population Rose. However… –M–M–M–Many farmers were left homeless and jobless –P–P–P–Population boomed in cities (mass migration from rural areas) –L–L–L–Labor force is created to run machines, mine coal and build factories

4. II. Why Britain? A. Natural Resources Abound: A. Natural Resources Abound: –Natural Ports –Navigable Rivers: Water power Water power Constructed canals Constructed canals –Connected goods to markets –Closeness to the Sea: Easy access for transporting goods Easy access for transporting goods Easy to communicate with other nations Easy to communicate with other nations –COAL: fundamental to industrialization Used to power steam engines Used to power steam engines –Iron: Vast supplies were available to build machines

5. III. The Effects of Demand and Capital (3 Factors) A. Skilled workforce = many qualified mechanics eager to invent new, practical inventions A. Skilled workforce = many qualified mechanics eager to invent new, practical inventions B. Population Explosion = boosted demand for goods and services B. Population Explosion = boosted demand for goods and services C. Money (Capital) = needed to start the businesses to make goods to meet the demands of the people C. Money (Capital) = needed to start the businesses to make goods to meet the demands of the people

6. III. Continued… D. Mid-1600s – Mid-1700s: –B–B–B–Britain prospered from growing overseas trading empire. Why? … (Stay with it! Can be complex) –B–B–B–Business Class: Accumulated capital through the slave trade in the Americas. What is capital? –U–U–U–Used capital to invest in enterprises –E–E–E–Enterprise = business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads or factories Many invested their capital because of the healthy economy (Investments are risky! You can make a lot or lose a lot!) E. Stable Government: Supported economic growth (Enclosures) –D–D–D–Did not charge tolls on rivers and canals –B–B–B–Built strong Navy that protected overseas trade and its empire abroad

7. IV. Textile Industry Advances A. Textile Industry = first industry affected by Industrial Revolution A. Textile Industry = first industry affected by Industrial Revolution –1600s = cotton cloth from India had become popular Organized a cotton cloth industry in England Organized a cotton cloth industry in England –Putting-Out System = (aka cottage industry) raw cotton was distributed to peasant families, spun it into thread, wove thread into clothing Sent to artisans who finished and dyed the cloth Sent to artisans who finished and dyed the cloth

8. V. Inventions Speed Production A. Flying Shuttle = invented by John Kay A. Flying Shuttle = invented by John Kay –Enabled weavers to outpace the spinners of cloth B. Spinning Jenny = invented by James Hargreaves B. Spinning Jenny = invented by James Hargreaves –Spun many threads at the same time –Allowed spinners to keep up with weavers C. In America, people wanted to produce enough cotton to keep up with England C. In America, people wanted to produce enough cotton to keep up with England –Problem : Raw Cotton in South had to be cleaned by hand –Answer: Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin Increased cotton production exponentially Increased cotton production exponentially

9. VI. Factories Are Born in Britain A. New machines got rid of putting-out system A. New machines got rid of putting-out system B. Manufactures built long houses/sheds to place machines B. Manufactures built long houses/sheds to place machines –First located near streams/rivers to use for water power –Later powered by steam engines C. Workers came to factories, produced large amounts of goods C. Workers came to factories, produced large amounts of goods

10. VII. One Thing Leads to Another A. Industrial Revolution triggered a Chain Reaction: A. Industrial Revolution triggered a Chain Reaction: –Inventors make new machines –Production increases/becomes more efficient –Priced Dropped –More consumers can afford to buy goods –Demand Increases B. This cycle changed the way people worked and lived B. This cycle changed the way people worked and lived