1. Notes 8-2 Carbon Compounds

2. Organic compounds Made up of carbon Have similar properties such as melting point, boiling point, odor, electrical conductivity, solubility We are organic! All living things are, as well as some nonliving things.

3. Carbon Atoms and Bonding Carbon atoms and the bonds between them can be modeled in several ways.

4. Carbon Atoms and Bonding Because of its unique ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, carbon has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms. With four valence electrons, each carbon atom is able to form four bonds. Carbon atoms can form straight chains, branched chains, and rings.

5. Hydrocarbons Contains only hydrogens and carbons Like most organic compounds, they do not mix well with water flammable

6. Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

7. Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons The graph shows the boiling points of several hydrocarbons. (Note: Some points on the y- axis are negative.) Use the graph to answer the following questions.

8. Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons – Almost in the center of the y- axis Reading Graphs: – Where is 0ºC on the graph?

9. Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons – C 3 H 8 : about –44ºC; C 5 H 12 : about 34ºC; C 6 H 14 : about 68ºC Interpreting Data: – What is the approximate boiling point of C 3 H 8 ? C 5 H 12 ? C 6 H 14 ?

10. Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons – About 78ºC Calculating: – What is the temperature difference between the boiling points of C 3 H 8 and C 5 H 12 ?

11. Isomers Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas are called isomers. Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties.

12. Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond.

13. Saturated versus Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Saturated Hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, so they have the maximum amount of hydrogens on their carbon chains Unsaturated Hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds, so they have fewer hydrogens on their carbon chains Look:

14. Will these form single, double, or triple bonds? Write down the following molecules, then we will draw them together C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 2 H 4 C 3 H 4 C 2 H 2 C 4 H 10