1. Writing Your Essays: Words that can be used for the different phases of your paragraphs and essays & Linking Words and Phrases

2. topicissue study area this report/essay Purpose questions area of interest Hypothesis Position Proposition argument Useful words to use in an introduction

3. Useful words for giving examples For example, for instance, Including, such as, another reason, another example, can be illustrated by, as follows

4. Words that add information Also, as well as, another point, another factor, another reason, in addition to, Additionally, Besides, Furthermore, moreover

5. Words that can be used during analysis or interpreting data As can be seen by according to as shown in evidence indicates as exemplified by as a result of

6. Words that can be used in a conclusion In conclusion Thus Therefore for these reasons these points lead to as a result the results indicate Accordingly to summarise in sum to conclude

7. Words that link one paragraph to another, or points inside a paragraph to other points inside a paragraph, or from one sentence to another sentence. These can be thought of as sequencing words because they provide an order for your written ideas/thoughts: Firstly firstly in the first place the primary reason Second secondly in the second place the secondary reason Third thirdly finally in the third place the third reason One final reason is a final reason is another reason is These can be thought of as sequencing words because they provide an order for your written ideas/thoughts: Firstly firstly in the first place the primary reason Second secondly in the second place the secondary reason Third thirdly finally in the third place the third reason One final reason is a final reason is another reason is Linking Words Linking words The first step, to begin with, initially, before, at this point, secondly, subsequently, following this step, next, then, another, when, meanwhile, after that, after a while, later, finally, consequently.

8. Words that sequence time These words can be thought of as sequencing words because they provide an order for your written ideas/thoughts: Whenthen meanwhile As at oncein the meantime While, whilstnext hitherto (until this time) After meanwhileat once Beforein the meantimethe next Soon as soon as Now at this moment at this time Hitherto until this time before this Until then until now subsequently up until this time After this throughout this Gradually immediately suddenly The first step, to begin with, initially, before, at this point, secondly, subsequently, following this step, next, then, another, when, meanwhile, after that, after a while, later, finally, consequently. These words can be thought of as sequencing words because they provide an order for your written ideas/thoughts: Whenthen meanwhile As at oncein the meantime While, whilstnext hitherto (until this time) After meanwhileat once Beforein the meantimethe next Soon as soon as Now at this moment at this time Hitherto until this time before this Until then until now subsequently up until this time After this throughout this Gradually immediately suddenly The first step, to begin with, initially, before, at this point, secondly, subsequently, following this step, next, then, another, when, meanwhile, after that, after a while, later, finally, consequently. Linking Words Linking words

9. Words that sequence or link one place to another place Linking Words Linking words These words can be thought of as sequencing words because they provide an order for your written ideas/thoughts: Wherethereat this point at that point Whereverhere

10. Words that show contrast contrastin g Words contrastin g words In contrast to this however even so Neverthelessalternativelyon the other hand Butinsteadon the contrary Rather in contrast to this by contrast Otherwiseat any ratein any case Whereasyetdifferent fromdiffers fromalthough Despite this less leastless than

11. Words that show similarity contrastin g Words contrastin g words Likewisein the same way Similarlyin a similar manner Like a parallel argument Both...and...in most casesnot only...but also... More, most, more than

12. Words that show that you are expanding upon or refining an argument Words That show you are expanding your argument or refining your argument Andand alsoin addition in addition to Furthermorean (or one) example of this is For exampleanother this leads to

13. Words that show cause and effect Words that show cause and effect Because since for so so that For this reasonthat being soon account of this Thereforeas a result consequently thus In that case in this casehenceaccordingly Due to the reason forin that casehence As a result ofas a consequence ofthe effect of If...then...stemmed froman outcome of... accordingly

14. Words that show conditionality depending on, or containing a condition Words that show conditionality Ifthen provided that unless granted That being so that being the casein that case Under the circumstancesin the above case

15. Words that show resistance by a factor or factors Words that Show resistenting conditionality Althoughstillthough even though Despitedespite this whether in spite ofin spite of thisnever the less on the contrarywhereas

16. - Missing the point of the question -Failure to deal with part of a question, or only providing limited coverage of an important issue -Too much narrative (telling the story of) at the expense (or instead of) analysis/reflection on relevance or consequences of relationships between factors. -poor organisation or weak argument -insufficient supporting evidence -irrelevant material is used -conflicting ideas or evidence poorly explained or examined -plagiarism -heavy dependence on quotes – the “cut and paste” essay -waffle, Padding, generalisations, oversimplification, complex sentences that lose the reader, jargon not explained, cliches [ an expression, idea, or element of an artistic work which has been overused to the point of losing its original meaning or effect, especially when at some earlier time it was considered meaningful or novel] Common Faults in Essay Writing Do Now: At your tables Discuss and record what The difference is between The following essay faults: Waffle Padding generalisations Oversimplification Record one example for each To share with the class.