2. BY COREY GORDON, DUANE ROWLETTE, BRICE COLLAMER, DAN BROWN,& RACHEL STEM

3. Basic Facts of PENNSYLVANIA Pennsylvania is 283 miles long and160 miles wide. Our state has a total area of 46,058 square miles 44,820 square miles are land and 1,239 square miles are water. Major Rivers are the Allegheny, Susquehanna, Delaware, and the Ohio River. We have one major lake which is Lake Erie.

4. Land area of PA. Pennsylvania stretches over 45,888 sq. miles It has a width of 310 miles, with a length of 180 miles Pennsylvania is the 32 nd largest state in the united states Population is 12,009,000

5. History of Pa. PA’s nickname is The keystone State because it’s geographical location played a critical role in finding the state The date PA was admitted on December 12, 1787 PA was the 3 rd state admitted

6. Capitol of PA Capitol of PA The Capitol city of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg Harrisburg is located in Dauphin County in southern Pennsylvania

7. Surrounding States North- New York East- Delaware, New Jersey South- Maryland, West Virginia West- Ohio

8. FIVE MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF PA Atlantic Coastal PlainAtlantic Coastal Plain ~ an area of flat land in the southeast corner of Pennsylvania. Piedmont RegionPiedmont Region ~ an area of low hills starting in Philadelphia and ends near Harrisburg (were we are located we live in this region). Ridge & Valley RegionRidge & Valley Region ~ a series of mountain ridges and valleys from the Piedmont region northward to Wilkes- Barre and westward to Altoona. Allegheny PlateauAllegheny Plateau ~ this covers 60% of PA, elevations range from 700 to 2,500 feet. It also covers almost the entire western portion of the state. Lake Erie PlainLake Erie Plain ~ This stretches only four miles in width from Lake Erie into Pennsylvania.

9. Atlantic Coastal Plain  Atlantic Coastal Plains  It runs from New York to Florida.  It’s an area of flat land.  It reaches the city of Philadelphia

10. Piedmont Starts near Philadelphia Low rolling hills Spans over southeastern part of Pennsylvania ending in Harrisburg Most fertile ground in US Farms, fields, and forests cover this region There are many industries

11. Ridge and Valley Made of mountain ridges and valleys Covers 90 miles in width Appalachian Mountains are in this region Blue Ridge Mountain is in this region The Tuscarora Ridge reaches 2,200ft. Jacks Mountain and Allegheny Mountain are in this region too Mt. Davis is the states highest point at 3,213 ft.

12. Allegheny Plateau Covers 60% of Pennsylvania Takes up western, north central, and northeast part of Pennsylvania Pocono Mountains are in this region Pittsburgh is the 30 th largest city in US Pittsburgh is in this region It is a very scenic region

13. Lake Erie Plain Northwestern part of Pennsylvania It is narrow and flat Only four miles long Soil is rich in sand and silt Suitable for growing Erie is the 3 rd largest city in Pennsylvania It is a deep water port and an industrial location

14. RIVERS 3 major rivers Susquehanna ~ major tributaries are the Juniata river, the West Branch, it flows through the central, eastern part of the state Ohio ~ major tributaries are the Youghiogheny River, the Beaver River, and the Clarion Rivers. It comes in through the southern part into West Virginia as the Monongahela River. Delaware ~ Major tributaries are the Schuylkill and the Lehigh rivers. The Delaware River forms the border between PA and the state of New Jersey.

15. CLIMATE OF PENNSYLVANIA Pennsylvania is listed having a humid continental climate… meaning we have four distinct seasons (our winters are cold, and the summers are hot). This climate also provides adequate precipitation. We average between 34 to 52 inches of precipitation a year. Our state also has a chance to get hurricanes, tornados, blizzards, or other extreme weather conditions.

16. CLIMATE OF PENNSYLVANIA CONTINUED Highest Temperature: The highest temperature recorded in Pennsylvania is 111°, Fahrenheit. This record high was recorded on July 10, 1936 at Phoenixville. Lowest Temperature: The lowest temperature recorded in Pennsylvania was 42° below zero. This temperature was hit on Jan 5, 1904 at Smethport. Average Temperature: Monthly average temperatures range from a high of 86.2 degrees to a low of 18.0 degrees.

17. NATURAL RESOURCES

18. FORESTS Half of PA is covered by forests. 80-90% of Cameron, Clinton, Elk, Potter, and Sullivan counties have forests. Pennsylvania had 20 state forests. 90% of PA trees are hardwood trees. The wood is used to make anything from paper to furniture. Forests also protects Pennsylvania’s wildlife. Pheasant, ruffed grouse, turkey and other wildlife are plentiful inside our state’s forests.

19. FOSSIL FUELS There are 20+ counties in western PA that produce natural gas. Natural Gas is used to heat homes and businesses.

20. First Oil well was drilled in Titusville, Pa. in 1859 by Edwin Drake Pa. was the center of the oil industry in the US for the next decade Petroleum is found in 23 Pa. counties. Only 1% of the nation’s petroleum is from PA. Most of the petroleum is used to lubricate engines and working equipment. Philadelphia is the location of the primary petroleum refineries in the state.

21. COAL MINING IN PENNSYLVANIA Played a major role in the Industrial Revolution in the United States Powered the steel mills PA is the 4 th largest coal producer today Over 69.5 million tons of coal were mined in 1995 Mining contributes about 1% of PA’s gross state economics.

22. MINERAL RESOURCES PA is ranked in the TOP 10 in the US for mineral ore production PA ranks 10 th in iron ore production in the United States PA ranks 1 st in the production of stone (limestone and slate) A. Slate is most abundant in Lehigh and Northumberland counties Iron ore is the most abundant in Berks and Lebanon counties Limestone is the most abundant in York and Centre counties Slate is important because it is used in roofing, masonry, chalkboards, flooring, and construction trades.