1. Nutritional Needs of Animals Animal Agriculture Mr. Engel

2. Why do we have a food pyramid? Define the “right” things that we should eat. Why it is important that producers give their animals the “right” things to eat.

3. What Nutrient is found in Each?

5. Objectives Identify the essential nutrients for animal production. Discuss the importance of water as a nutrient. Discuss the importance of carbohydrates as nutrients. Discuss the importance of lipids as nutrients. Discuss the importance of proteins as nutrients. Discuss the importance of minerals as nutrients. Discuss the importance of vitamins as nutrients.

6. Key Terms #10 – use www.m-w.comwww.m-w.com Carbohydrate Disaccharide Feedstuff Fiber – definition #1D Lipid Mineral Monosaccharide Nutrient Soluble – definition #1 Vitamin

7. What are the essential nutrients for animal production? Proper nutrition is the key to good production. Good nutrition can increase feed efficiency and the rate of gain. Animals must be fed a diet that meets their needs.  If these needs are not met properly, the animals may not grow or reproduce, and they could die.

8. What are the essential nutrients for animal production? A nutrient is a substance that is necessary for an organism to live and grow. A ration is the total amount of feed an animal is given in a 24-hour period. The ration can be fed all at once or may be available at various points daily.

9. What are the essential nutrients for animal production? A balanced ration is one that contains all the nutrients that are needed in correct proportion. Too much of any one nutrient is wasteful and could be harmful to the animals. A nutrient deficiency can result in stunted growth and low production.

10. What are the essential nutrients for animal production? There are six classes of essential nutrients. A. Water B. Carbohydrates C. Lipids or fats D. Protein E. Minerals F. Vitamins

11. What is the importance of water as a nutrient? Water is necessary for survival. Animals can live longer without food than without water. Water makes up about 75 percent of the weight of a mature animal and as much as 90 percent of a newborn. Water is found in every cell of the body.

12. What is the importance of water as a nutrient? The amount of water needed is related to the activities and the life stages  (lactation, gestation, etc.). Most water enters animals when they drink. Water is also found in the feed that animals consume, and it may be produced through biochemical reactions.

13. What is the importance of water as a nutrient? The body loses water through urine, feces, sweat, and vapor from the lungs. Animals should consume clean and fresh water, and it should be available at all times. Water has two main functions in animal bodies.

14. What is the importance of water as a nutrient? A. Water regulates body temperatures because it is able to accumulate, transfer, and lose heat through evaporation. B. Water also promotes biochemical processes in the animals.  All biochemical reactions in the body require water, which is a major component of cells, blood, and body tissues.

15. What is the importance of carbohydrates as nutrients? Carbohydrates are feed components that provide energy and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A major component of plant tissues, carbohydrates should compose approximately 75 percent of animals’ diets. Carbohydrates provide energy that power muscular movements.

16. What is the importance of carbohydrates as nutrients? Carbohydrates also produce the body heat that helps to keep the animals warm. Carbs also aid in the use of proteins and fats. Carbohydrates are not stored; they must be provided in the animal’s diet daily. Unused carbohydrates are converted into fat.

17. What is the importance of carbohydrates as nutrients? A. There are three types of carbohydrates. 1. Sugars—There are two kinds of sugars: simple sugars (monosaccharides) and double sugars (disaccharides).  Glucose and fructose are simple sugars.  Sucrose is a double sugar. Sucrose is what is used to make table sugar.

18. What is the importance of carbohydrates as nutrients? 2. Starch  Starch is converted to glucose in the digestive process.

19. What is the importance of carbohydrates as nutrients? 3. Fiber—Fiber is a carbohydrate that provides strength and support to cell walls.  It is made of plant cells and cellulose.  Fiber helps the digestive system function properly.  Fiber also absorbs water and provides bulk.

20. What is the importance of lipids as nutrients? Lipids include fats and oils. Lipids provide energy; lipids are also the form in which animals store energy.

21. What is the importance of lipids as nutrients? Fats are saturated lipid compounds that are solid at room temperature. Fats contain the highest amount of energy and can contain 2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates.

22. What is the importance of proteins as nutrients? Proteins are organic compounds primarily composed of amino acids that allow bodies to grow and heal after injuries. These nutrients are needed to grow new tissues and to repair old tissues. Three to five percent of the body’s proteins are rebuilt every day.

23. What is the importance of proteins as nutrients? Symptoms of a protein deficiency include anorexia, slow growth rate, decreased feed efficiency, low birth weight, and lower milk production. Young animals need more protein than older animals. Animals in gestation or lactation stages also need higher levels of protein in their diets.

25. What is the importance of minerals as nutrients? Minerals are inorganic elements found in small amounts in the body. Minerals are essential in skeleton growth and are necessary for body systems to function properly. There are two groups of minerals.

26. What is the importance of minerals as nutrients? A. Macro-minerals or major minerals are needed in the diet in relatively large amounts, ranging from a few tenths of a gram to one or more grams per day. The minerals in this group include:  1. Salt (NaCl) [Sodium & Chorine]  2. Calcium (Ca)  3. Phosphorus (P)  4. Magnesium (Mg)  5. Potassium (K)  6. Sulfur (S)

27. What is the importance of minerals as nutrients? B. Micro-minerals or trace minerals are required in small quantities, ranging from a millionth of a gram to a thousandth of a gram per day. The minerals in this group include:  1. Chromium (Cr)  2. Cobalt (Co)  3. Copper (Cu)  4. Fluorine (F)

28. What is the importance of minerals as nutrients?  5. Iodine (I)  6. Iron (Fe)  7. Manganese (Mn)  8. Molybdenum (Mo)  9. Selenium (Se)  10. Silicon (Si)  11. Zinc (Zn)

29. What is the importance of vitamins as nutrients? Vitamins are organic substances needed in small quantities to perform specific functions. Vitamins do not provide energy, but they are necessary in using energy. Vitamin deficiencies can lead to diseases or death.

30. What is the importance of vitamins as nutrients? Vitamins are in one of two groups. A. Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins that are stored in the fat and are released as needed by the body.  These include vitamins A, D, E, and K. B. Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins that are dissolved by water and need to be consumed daily, including vitamins C and B.

31. Checking Your Knowledge Importance of Water, Carbs, and Fats  Found on Animal Agriculture Website  Numbers 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 Importance of Protein, Mineral, Vitamins  Found on Animal Agriculture Website  Numbers 2, 4, 7, 8, and 10