1. Study Questions What defines a revolution? (short answer) What is Crop Rotation? Pg. 283 What is an Entrepreneur? Pg. 287 What American invention aided the British textile industry? Pg. 284-286

2. Review Metternich Containment of France Balance of power Legitimacy Alliances

3. Working Conditions Discussion Listen/ read the excerpt: What are fair working conditions? (pg. 282) Discuss with your partner the following questions: 1. Would you attempt to change your working conditions in the factory? 2. Would you join a union, go to school, or run away? 3. Do you think working conditions like this still occur?

4. CH. 9.1 THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

5. Objectives 1. List two reasons why Industrialization began in England. 2. List one invention created to speed up industry. 3. List four effects of the rail road in England.

6. California State Standard 10:3:2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventors and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

7. MAIN IDEA- (Science and Technology); The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries. WHY IT MATTERS NOW- The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern societies.

8. Setting the Stage Political revolutions, spurred on by nationalism in US, France, and Latin America brought in new govt. Industrial Revolution: Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid 1770’s. Soon it will spread from England to Continental Europe to N. America.

9. Industrial Revolution Begins England 1700 Wealthy landowners begin to buy up land that village farmers had once worked With dramatically improved farming methods more food is produced than at any other time. What are possible consequences of this? England's Population Growth

10. Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way *** After purchasing land, wealthy land owners begin to fence in land, known as enclosures. 2 consequences: 1. Experiment’s with more productive seeding and harvesting methods boost crop yields 2. Large landowners force small ones to either: a.Become tenant farmers b.Quit farming / moved to cities to work in factories Seed Drill

11. Science in farming (1701) Jethro Tull (Not the band) Farmer Invents seed drill that “sowed” seeds in well spaced rows at specific depths Crop Rotation Crops are rotated from season to season to allow soil nutrients to be replenished Farmers begin to only allow best Livestock to breed 1700-1786 average weight for lambs climbs from 18 to 50 lbs. Crop Rotation

12. Effects of Agricultural Revolution on England’s Population ***As food output increases so does England’s population. Demand for food and goods (cloth) increased. Small landowners forced into cities for work Become factory workers

13. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? England had: 1. A large population 2. Extensive natural resources: Both necessary for Industrialization: Increase of machine made goods over hand made Evils of Industrialization

14. ***Natural Resources needed: 1. Coal to fuel new machines 2. Iron ore to make tools, machines 3. Rivers for inland transportation 4. Natural harbors for merchant ships 5. Water power British advanced banking system allows: Bank loans allow owners to invest in new technology to become more efficient Wealthy to invest in developing industries Coal/Iron Ore Investment/Bank Loans

15. British Political Stability No wars are fought on British soil, provides security ***England has all factors of production: 1. Land 2. Labor 3. Capital (wealth)

16. Inventions Spur Industrialization Cotton Industry John Kay (1733) “flying shuttle” Doubled the output of cotton James Hargreaves (1764) “spinning jenny” Allows one worker to spin eight instead of one thread Richard Arkwright (1769) “water frame” **Water power replaces man power** Spinning Jenny Water Frame

17. Samuel Crompton (1779) “Spinning Mule” combines spinning jenny and water frame. Thread is made stronger, finer, more consistent Eli Whitney (U.S. 1793) “Cotton Gin” removed seeds from raw cotton 1790-1810 American cotton production jumps from 1.5 to 85 million lbs. Newly invented machines were bulky and expensive Spinning and weaving taken out of home and moved into factories. 1 st factories built near streams for water power Spinning Mule American Cotton Production 1790-1860

19. Improved Transportation The need to move products agri./textile from factory to market James Watt (1765) Mathematical instrument maker **Creates a more efficient steam engine** Robert Fulton (1807) Makes steamboat called Clermont Orders steam engine from Watt, The Clermont Steamboat

20. England (1850) Creates network of man-made canals Used to transport raw/finished goods throughout England John McAdam Created roads layered with stones and crushed rock. Even in rainy weather wagons could travel w/o sinking in mud Investors form companies that built turnstiles/turnpikes: Toll roads and charged $ to pass John McAdam

21. English Railroad George Stephenson (1825) World’s first railroad in England Ran from Yorkshire coal fields to Stockton (N. Sea), 27miles. Liverpool-Manchester RR (1830) Stephenson designed locomotive called “Rocket” Could pull 13-ton load @ 24 mph. Rocket

22. 4 major effects of RR: 1. Cheap way to transport finished products spurs growth 2. Creates new jobs for RR workers and miners (coal/iron) 3. Agri. and Fishing could now transport food to distant cities 4. People could travel from countryside to city in short amount of time

23. Review Questions 1. List two reasons why Industrialization began in England. 2. List one inventions created to speed up industry. 3. List four effects of the rail road in England.

25. Workbook Activity Working in small groups… Complete page 37 (Section A) in your Workbook Use your notes and textbook to help you fill in the chart * You do not have to do section B