1. Invertion Subject/Verb Agreement Parallel Structure Ike K.P

2. Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs The inverted subjects and verbs on the TOEFL test occur in the following situations: With question words ( what, when, where, why, how) After some place expressions After negative expressions In some conditionals After some comparisons

3. with question words who, what, when, where, why, how example: What is the question? When will you do the task? Why did you do that?

4. with place expressions example: Here is the book that you lent me. In the closet are the clothes that you want. On the second level of the parking lot are some empty stalls.

5. with negative expressions No, barely, not, hardly, never, only, neither, rarely, nor, scarcely, seldom. example: Hardly ever does he take time off. I do not want to go, and neither does Tom.

6. with conditionals had, should, were example: If he were here, he would help. Were he here, he would help The report would have been accepted if more care had been taken in checking its accuracy. The report would have been accepted had more care been taken in checking its accuracy.

7. with comparisons The subject and verb may invert after a comparison. example: We were more prepared than the other performers were. We were more prepared than were the other performers.

8. S – V agreements Agreement after prepositional phrases. Example: The door to the room is locked. The doors to the room are locked Agreement after expressions of quantity (all, most, some, half, part) Example: Most of the meal was delicious. Most of the meals were delicious.

9. S – V agreements Agreement after certain words. anybody, anyone, anything everybody, everyone, everything nobody, no one, nothing somebody, someone, something each + noun every + noun Example: Everybody in the theater is watching the film attentively. No one here is afraid of skydiving.

10. Parallel Structure with coordinate conjunctions and, but, or with paired conjunctions both…..and either…..or neither…..nor not only…..but also

11. Important misc. Past participle after HAVE Past/Present participle after BE Base form verbs after MODAL Singular noun (each, every, single, one, a) Plural noun (both, many, several, various) Countable (many, number, few, fewer) Uncountable (much, amount, little, less) Subject and Object pronouns Possessives

12. I >> me---- my (book), mine He >> him---- his (pen), his She >> her--- her (pencil), hers We >> us--- our (house), ours They >> them--- their (pin), theirs You--- your (paper), yours It--- its (teeth), its name’s / thing’s