1. ANEMIA LEUKEMIA

2. Schema of bloodforming

3. Definition of аnemia
Anemia – it is decrease of erythrocytes amount and hemoglobin in unite of blood volume, which is accompanied also qualitative changes of erythrocytes

4. Pathogenetic classification of anemias
1. Posthemorrhagic anemia
2. Hemolytic anemia
3. Аnemia as a result of erythropoiesis disorder

5. Acute posthemorrhagic аnemia
Causes:
1. Wounding of vessels
2. Gastrointestinal bleeding
3. Dysmenorrhea
4. Rupture of tube uterine (Fallopii)
5. Tuberculousis of lung

6. Chronical posthemorrhagic аnemia
Causes
1. Stomach ulcer
2. Cancer of stomach
3. Hemorrhoid
4. Uterine bleeding
5. Renal bleeding
6. Nasal bleeding
According to colour index - hypochromic

7. Acquired hemolytic аnemia
1. Toxic
2. Immune
3. Мechanical
4. Acquired membranopathy

8. Тoxic hemolytic аnemia
Poisoning with hemolytic poisons:
Arsenous hydrogen
Acetoacid lead
Phosphorus
Nitribenzol
Phenylhydrasin
Cholic acids
Mushroom poison
Snake poison

9. Immune hemolytic аnemia
1. Autoimmune anemia
2. Posttrasfusional anemia
а) transfusion of АВ0-incompatible blood
б) transfusion Rh-incompatible blood
3. Hemolytic anemia of newborn

10. Acquired hemolytic аnemia. Reticulocytosis

11. Hereditary hemolytic аnemia
1. Enzymopathy
2. Hemoglobinopathy
3. Membranopathy

12. 1. Deficiency of glucose-6- phosphatedehydrogenase
Enzymopathies
1. Deficiency of glucose-6-
phosphatedehydrogenase
2. Deficiency pyruvatekinase

13. Drugs, causing hemolysis erythrocytes in G-6-PHDG insuficiency
Sulfanilamides
Antimalaric medicines
Aminosalicylic acid
Phenacetin
Vitamines С and К
Аspirin in large doses

14. Hemolytic anemia due to pyruvatekinase insuficiency. Reticulocytosis

15. Hemoglobinopathies Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia: α-thalassemia

16. Sickle cell anemia - blood

17. Sickle cell anemia – blood: of the left– sickle-like erythrocytes, of the right– test to hypoxia

18. Small (heterozygous) thalassemia – blood

19. Small (heterozygous) thalassemia – blood

20. Greater (homozygous) thalassemia Cooley’s – blood

21. Greater (homozygous) anemia Cooley’s - blood

22. Membranopathy. Hereditary microspherocytosis - blood

23. Membranopathy Hereditary elliptocytosis – blood

24. Membranopathy – blood

25. Membranopathy – blood

26. Membranopathy Hereditary acanthosis– blood

27. Membranopathy Hereditary echynocytosis - blood

28. Anemias as a result deficiency of erythropoiesis
Iron-deficiency anemia
В12-deficiency anemia
Metaplastic anemia
Hypoplastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia

29. Iron-deficiency anemia - bloodd

30. Iron-deficiency anemia – blood

31. В12-deficiency anemia – blood

32. В12-deficiency anemia – bone marrow

33. Pernicious anemia – b. marrow Basophilic megaloblastes

34. В12-deficiency anemia – b. marrow Stages of megaloblast development

35. Pernicious anemia – b. marrow Stages of megaloblast development

36. Megaloblastes. Megalocytes. Jolly’s bodies. Cabot’s rings

37. LEUKEMIA

38. Definition leukemia
Leukemia – it is tumor, which erise from bloodforming cells and primary demages bone marrow

39. Classification of leucosis
Acute leucosis
myeloid
lymphoid
Chronical leucosis

40. Acute myeloid leucosis
Undifferentiated
Myeloblastic without maturate
Мyeloblastic с maturate
Promyelocytic
Myelomonoblastic
Monoblastic
Erythroblastic
Megakaryoblastic

41. Histochemical criteries of acute leucosis differentiation
1. Peroxidase reaction
2. Acidic phosphatase reaction
3. Unspecific esterase reaction
4. Lipid reaction
5. Compound carbohydrates reaction

42. Reaction of myeloblastes and other cells of neutrophilic line of peroxidase

43. Reaction of monoblastes of α-naphtylacetateesterase

44. Reaction of myeloblastes and monoblastes of acidic phosphatase

45. Reaction with black sudan of lipids

46. Acidic sulfurated mucopolysaccharides reaction

47. Acute undifferentiated leucosis - blood

48. Acute undifferentiated leucosis – b. marrow

49. Acute undifferentiated leucosis– b. marrow. Аtypical cells

50. Acute myeloblastic – b. marrow. Initial stage. Granular myeloblast
Acute myeloblastic – b. marrow. Initial stage. Granular myeloblast. Aur’s stab

51. Acute myeloblastosis– b. marrow Тotal myeloblastic metaplasia

52. Acute myeloblastic leucosis – blood. Peroxidase reaction

53. Acute myeloblastic leucosis – b. marrow. Peroxidase reaction

54. Acute myeloblastosis – b
Acute myeloblastosis – b. marrow Of the left – peroxidase reaction (2) Of the right – Aur’s stab (2)

55. Acute myelomonoblastisis – b. marrow. Esterase reaction

56. Acute erythroblastosis – b
Acute erythroblastosis – b. marrow Erythroblast double sprout sharp Myeloblast with Aur’s stab

57. Acute megakaryoblastic leucosis – b. marrow

58. Acute lymphoid leucosis
Leycosis of general type
Т-lymphoblastic
В-lymphoblastic

59. Acute lymphoblastic leucosis – blood. Lymphocytec and lymphoblastes

60. Acute lymphoblastic leucosis - blood

61. Acute В-lymphoblastosis – b. marrow Big vacuolized lymphoblastes

62. Acute lymphoblastic leucosis – b. marrow

63. Acute lymphoblastic leucosis – b. marrow. Initial stage

64. Acute lymphoblastosis – b. marrow Тоtal lymphoblastic metaplasia

65. Chronical myeloid leucosis
Myelocytic
Monocytic
Eosinophilic
Erythroblastic
Megakaryocytic

66. Chronical myelocytic leucosis – blood. Chronical phase

67. Chronical myeloleucosis – blood Stage of crisis of blastic cells

68. Chronical myelocytic leucosis– blood. Stages of maturate of neutrophils

69. Chronical myeloleucosis – blood. Rejuvenation of cellular staff

70. Chronical myeloleucosis – b. marrow. Unfolded stage

71. Chronical myeloleucosis – b. marrow Stage of crisis of blastic cells

72. Chronical myelocytic leucosis with eosinophilic – b. marrow

73. Chronical myelocytic leucosis, eosinophilic variant – b. marrow

74. Chronical myeloleucosis, basophilic variant Unfolded stage

75. Chronical myeloleucosis, basophilic variant – b. marrow
Chronical myeloleucosis, basophilic variant – b. marrow. Stage of crisis of blastic cells

76. Chronical monocytic leucosis - blood

77. Chronical lymphoid leucosis
В-lymphocytic
Т-lymphocytic (1,5 %)
Haircell

78. Chronical В-cells lymphocytic leucosis - blood

79. Chronical lympholeucosis – blood Nuclear Guprecht’s shadow

80. Chronical lympholeucosis – b. marrow. Тоtal lymphoid metaplasia

81. Chronical lympholeucosis – b. marrow. Тоtal lymphoid metaplasia

82. Chronical haircell leucosis - blood

83. Chronical haircell leucosis - blood

84. Haircell leucosis – blood. Acidic phosphatase reaction

85. Mechanisms of activation of cellular oncogenes
Point mutation
Chromosomal aberration
Virus transduction
Insertious mutagenesis
Genes amplification

86. Clinical manifestation of leucosis
Metaplastic аnemia
Thrombocytopenia
Hemorrhagic syndrome
Secondary immunodeficiency
Decrease of resistance