1. ©2002 Learning Zone Express 1 Fat - The most concentrated form of food energy (calories).  Food Sources: Butter, vegetable oils, salad dressings, nuts and seeds, dairy products made with whole milk or cream, and meats.  Function in the Body: Provide substances needed for growth and healthy skin. Enhance the taste and texture of food. Required to carry “fat-soluble” vitamins throughout the body. Provide energy.

2. Structure: Triglyceride ©2002 Learning Zone Express 2 Carbonyl group (-COOH) on the one end of each fatty acid

3. ©2002 Learning Zone Express 3 Types of Fat  Saturated Fat: Fats that are usually solid at room temperature. Food Sources: Animal foods and tropical oils. The type of fat most strongly linked to high cholesterol and increased risk of heart disease.  Unsaturated Fat: Fats that are liquid at room temperature. Polyunsaturated Fat: Food Sources: Vegetables and fish oils. Provide two essential fatty acids necessary for bodily functions. Monounsaturated Fat: Food Sources: Olive oil, canola oil, nuts, seeds. May play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease.

4. Phospholipids ©2002 Learning Zone Express 4 Phosphate- containing

5. Micelle: example of phospholipids ©2002 Learning Zone Express 5 Micelle: is water soluble because of the hydrophilic heads Micelles are widely used in industrial and biological fields for their ability to dissolve and move non polar substances through an aqueous medium, or to carry drugs which are, often, scarcely soluble in water. The carrying ability of micelles can be altered if parameters determining their size and shape are changed. Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails

6. Sterols (a subgroup of steroids)  Plant sterols  cholesterol ©2002 Learning Zone Express 6

7. Plant Sterols  Plant-based micronutrients naturally present in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes and vegetable oils  Due to the similar structure of plant sterols compete with cholesterol for absorption in the small intestine  As a result, plant sterols can help reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine; reducing LDL blood cholesterol ©2002 Learning Zone Express 7

8. 8 Cholesterol - A fat-like substance that is part of every cell of the body.  Function in the Body: Helps the body make necessary cells including skin, and hormones. Aids in digestion. The human body manufactures all the cholesterol it needs. You also get cholesterol from animal food products you eat.  When cholesterol levels are high there is a greater risk for heart disease.

9. Cholesterol  Is only found in animals and animal products (eg dairy)  Our liver makes cholesterol according to your intake There is: ©2002 Learning Zone Express 9 Good cholesterolBad cholesterol High density lipoprotein (HDL) Low density lipoprotein (LDL) Causes plaque build up on the artery walls Increase risk of heart disease (heart attack or stroke)

10. ©2002 Learning Zone Express 10

11. How to increase your HDL cholesterol  Eat nuts, fish and other foods containing Omega-3 fatty acids  Lose extra weight (by change in diet or exercise)  Get active ©2002 Learning Zone Express 11