1. Evolution of Music: Part 1 by Dr. Jon K. Loessin Wharton County Junior College

2. Gregorgian Chants *The roots of the Gregorgian music can be found in the third millennium BC. This is confirmed by archaeological findings, such as three-hole pipe made of swan shin bone. In the ancient period 7 hole-pipes, lyres, bag-pipes, banduras, drums etc. were already in use. *Gregorgian sacred and secular music has a rich and complex history, relatively little of which is documented in any depth in English. Very strikingly, Gregorgian music uses an ancient system of polyphony, usually in three parts, and a unique tuning system conceived outside of what the western ear is used to. It makes a great use of parallel motion and dissonance (and usually ending in a unison pitch). Therefore, you are hearing tone pairings that speak a different musical vocabulary. Populus Sion

3. Gothic Era Music Gothic—A term often used to refer to the late middle ages (a.d. 1100-1450) Examples: Organum Viderunt omnes (abt. 1160) Roman de Fauvel (abt.1250)

4. Music of the Royal Courts: The Renaissance Period 13 th -16 centuries Composers include Giovanni Palestrina and William Byrd French, German, Italian, and Spanish courts

5. The Baroque Period: 17 th Century --Birth of “modern” music for the era --Represented an awakening in musical composition --Sophistication and repetition of harmony through an aesthetic emotional method Composers include Antonio Vivaldi (1678- 1741), Johann Sebastian Bach (1685- 1750), and Georg Frideric Handel (1685- 1759)

6. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) MAJOR COMPOSITIONS: The Brandenburg Concertos ; Concertos for Violin

7. George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) MAJOR COMPOSITIONS: Messiah; Arrival of the Queen of Sheba ; Love in Bath ; Water Music

8. The Classical Period: 18 th Century Composers included the great master composers like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791 Austria) and Ludwig von Beethoven (1770-1827 Germany)

9. Beethoven and Mozart Beethoven Compositions include: Symphony No. 5, No. 9, and Für Elise Mozart’s works include: Eine kleine Nachtmusik and Turkish March

10. The Romantic Period: Dominated the 19 th Century Divided into the early romantic, romantic, and late romantic periods, but dominated by the music of the German composer Richard Wagner (1813-1883) with pieces like The Ride of the Valkyries

11. Other Romantic Period Composers Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Frederik Chopin (1810-49) Johann Strauss II (1825-99) Johannes Brahms (1833-97) Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-93) --The Sleeping Beauty… The 19 th century also witnessed the Post- Romantic (like Gustav Mahler), Modern Romantic (like Sergei Rachmaninov), and Expressionist composers (like Maurice Ravel)

12. Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) Ravel became famous for what some say is the most sensual and erotic musical composition of all time: Bolero It is so synonymous with Ravel it is usually referred to as Ravel’s Bolero http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 7ZBzIXoJDM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 7ZBzIXoJDM