1. 1. How does the nose and the respiratory tract clean the air you breathe, and adapt it for the environment inside of the human body? Cleaning: Adjusting air to human body:

2. 1. How does the nose and the respiratory tract clean the air you breathe, and adapt it for the environment inside of the human body? Cleaning: Nose hairs filter out large particles. Mucus traps particles and microbes. Cilia move trapped particles out of the respiratory airway. Adjusting air to human body: Nasal cavity and respiratory tract humidifies air and warms it.

3. 2. List the orders of the structures starting from the Trachea to Alveoli. What changes in their structure? Trachea  Alveoli Change in structure?

4. 2. List the orders of the structures starting from the Trachea to Alveoli. What changes in their structure? Trachea  L + R Bronchi  Secondary Bronchi  Bronchioles  Alveoli Change in structure? Cartilage rings disappear. Walls become thinner.

5. 3. What is the chemical reaction for CO 2 dissolving in H 2 O?

6. H 2 O + CO 2  H 2 CO 3  HCO 3 - + H + 3. What is the chemical reaction for CO 2 dissolving in H 2 O?

7. 4. In what part of the body would the chemical reaction go to the left? In what part of the body would the chemical reaction go to the right? Lungs/Alveoli: Body/Brain tissues:

8. 4. In what part of the body would the chemical reaction go to the left? In what part of the body would the chemical reaction go to the right? Lungs/Alveoli: TO THE LEFT!!! Body/Brain tissues: TO THE RIGHT!!!

9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name four components of Hemoglobin. How many each?

10. 1. Alpha globin ~ 2x 2. Beta globin ~ 2x 3. Heme ~ 4x 4. Iron ~ 4x 5. Name four components of Hemoglobin. How many each?

11. 6. What three air volumes is vital capacity made of? Vital Capacity =

12. 6. What three air volumes is vital capacity made of? Vital Capacity = Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume, (IRV) + Expiratory Reserve Volume, (ERV).

13. 7. What happens mechanically when you breathe in, and breathe out? Breathing in: Breathing out:

14. 7. What happens mechanically when you breathe in, and breathe out? Breathing in: Diaphragm contracts and moves downwards. Intercostal muscles contract and ribcage moves up and out. Lungs fill up with air as pressure drops. Breathing out: Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards. Intercostal muscles relax and ribcage moves in and down. Lungs relax from elastic recoil, air pushed out.