1. Intro to the Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

2. Starting off…  Who believed that the sun was the center of the universe and NOT the earth?  Aristotle?  Ptolemy?  Copernicus?

3. Who 1 st discovered the function of the heart & the complete circulation of blood?  Our good friend, Harvey!!! He did this without the aid of a microscope!!!

4. Who discovered that planets move not in a circle but in an ELLIPSE and that planets move faster going toward the sun and slower going away from it?  Kepler!

5. Who used the newly-invented microscope to discover a cell?  HOOKE –But did he discover that cells were the basic building blocks of life and that all organisms consist of cells? –No!!!

6.  Who developed a theory of universal gravitation explained everything from the falling of objects on the earth to the motions of the planets & of the orbit of the moon around the earth?

7. Who learned how pendulums swing?  GALILEO GALILEI!!!

8. Who developed the 1 st astronomical telescope? G2G2

9. And many more… (now to get a little more specific)

10. Galileo Galilei  Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist in early 1600s.  Catholic church forced him to recant sun- centered view & placed him under house arrest for the rest of his life –E pur si muove –“ And still it moves ”

11. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1717)  “ Greatest scientist to ever live ”  Universal gravitation  3 Laws of Motion –(1) Law of Inertia: Objects in motion stay in motion, objects @ rest stay @ rest unless acted on by an outside force –(2) F=M*A or A=F/M –(3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

12. Law of Motion #1

13. Law of Motion #2 F net = m * a

14. Law of Motion #3

15. The Scientific Revolution will lead to the Enlightenment...

16. What was the key word of the Enlightenment????  Reason!

17. Twilley Talbert  1689-1724  French poet, novelist, landscaper ( “ philosophe ” )  Critical of the government, women, & midgets  Watium et mutable cappenyu mortem: “ Give me some answers or I ’ ll shoot you dead! ”  Known for swallowing a baby watermelon  His neck opened up like a pez dispenser and the pupils of his eyes were actually jellybeans

18. Rene Descartes  Famous for saying Cogito, ergo sum  Believed nothing until he est. grounds to believe that it is true

19. What was the ENLIGHTENMENT?  Most associated w/Paris, France  Confidence in human ’ s ability to REASON. –A.K.A. “ Age of Reason ”  Attacked superstition, religion, easy acceptance of authority  Everything (politics, nature, families, etc.) controlled by natural laws  Huge impact on American & French governments, religion, etc.

20. Immanuel Kant  Worded the motto of the Enlightenment:  “ Dare to Know! ”  “ Have courage to use your own understanding. ”

21. Scientific Revolution Expands Into Political Philosophy  Belief: If systematic laws (i.e. gravity, centripetal force, etc.) governed the universe, then political, economic, & social relationships could also be understood through reasoned analysis. –What is the name for this? Natural law : a universal moral law that, like physical laws, could be understood by applying reason.

22. Quick Review THE ENLIGHTENMENT!!!  WHEN/WHERE?  NATURAL LAWS GOVERN __________  ATTACKED SUPERSTITION, EASY ACCEPTANCE OF AUTHORITY, ETC.

23. THE ENLIGHTENMENT & US GOV’T  Background in France: King Louis XIV & XV influencing philosophes  Background in US: Successful revolution against England…what should new government look like?  Specific impacts of the Enlightenment on the new U.S. gov’t ELECTED president vs. a hereditary monarch Federal republic Popular sovereignty Bill of Rights (rights of citizens)—guaranteed which freedoms? Constitution (social contract) Separation of powers/Checks and balances Some limitations of new gov’t Separation of church and state 1 st President George Washington – “Mr. President” vs. “Your Majesty” – Voluntarily stepped down after 2 nd term  ***Enlightenment ideas directly impacted the new form of government the U.S. established in 1789. The Enlightenment-inspired gov’t of the U.S. will later be modeled in many countries throughout the world.

24. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION... FOR WHOM WAS IT WRITTEN?

25. OTHER CHANGES???

26. MORE CHANGES?