1. HS 200: Diseases of the Human Body Dr. Allan Ayella Unit 8a Seminar Chapter 13 and 14

2. Unit 8 Agenda Over-view of Unit 7 Unit 8 Expectations Seminar discussion Questions and Answer

3. Any issues that you came across in Unit 7 that I need to address? Over-view of Unit 7

4. Unit 8 Expectations

8. Chapter 13- Neurologic diseases Pg 618

9. Chapter 13- Neurologic diseases Pg 620

10. Chapter 13- Neurologic diseases Pg 621

11. Problems of Nervous system pg 621 List some of the problems in which the nervous system that necessitate health care attention

12. Problems of Neurologic conditions General info List some of the problem in which the nervous system is susceptible?

13. The nervous system is susceptible to various problems and these include; vascular compromise and circulatory deficits-CVA Injury- Hematomas, fractures, concussions Infection- meningitis, poliomyelitis inherited defect- Huntington’s Chorea congenital defect Degeneration- Parkinson’s disease Tumor- Herniated and Bulging disks Problems of Neurologic conditions

14. Neurologic assessment Pg 619 What methods are used to assess neurologic function?

15. There is a variety of methods to evaluate neurologic status and cognitive function. Take thorough medical history, including any medications. Test mental functions (speech, language, and writing skills). Test cranial nerve function (sense of smell, vision, taste, hearing, swallowing, etc.). Test motor function (muscle strength and tone). Test coordination and balance. Test sensory function (diminished or abnormal sensation). Neurologic assessment Pg 619

16. CVA Pg 621 A ____________________ occurs when the brain is damaged by a sudden disruption in the flow of blood to a part of the brain or by bleeding inside the head.

17. Pg 622

18. CVA Pg 621, 623 What are symptoms of a stroke?

19. Pg 621, 623 Symptoms of Stroke Common symptoms include sudden: severe headache partial or total loss of the ability to articulate ideas or comprehend spoken or written language (aphasia) weakness (hemiparesis), numbness, or paralysis (hemiplegia), confusion, or impaired consciousness loss or blurring of vision, double vision (diplopia) dizziness, loss of balance or coordination

20. TIAs Pg 624 _________________ are temporary episodes of impaired neurologic functioning caused by an inadequate flow of blood to a portion of the brain.

21. Pg 626 Hematoma’s An __________ __hematoma is a mass of blood that forms between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost of the three membrane layers that cover the brain while ______________ hematoma is a similar mass, but it forms beneath the dura mater.

22. Pg 626 Hematoma’s An epidural hematoma is a mass of blood that forms between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost of the three membrane layers that cover the brain while subdural hematoma is a similar mass, but it forms beneath the dura mater.

23. Hematoma’s

24. Concussion vs. contusion What is the difference between a cerebral concussion and a contusion? Pg 627-628

25. Concussion vs. contusion A concussion is a possible bruising of the cerebral tissue that is caused by violent back and forth movement of the head while a contusion involves bruising the tissues along or just beneath the surface of the brain.

26. Spinal Injuries What are some causes of spinal injuries? Pg 627-628

27. Pg 633

28. Paraplegia and Quadriplegia Pg 631 Causes of spinal injuries compression of vertebrae Trauma to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine (T1 and below) usually results in paraplegia. hyperflexion of neck Trauma to the cervical vertebrae (C5 or above) can result in quadriplegia. hyperextension of spine Trauma occurring above C3 is usually fatal.

29. Spinal injuries How are spinal injuries diagnosed? Pg 632

30. Spinal injuries What is the main goal of treatment in spinal injuries? Pg 632

31. Treatment Main goals: restoration of normal alignment and stability of spine decompression of the spinal cord, nerves, and vertebrae early rehabilitation Surgery Medications Spinal injuries treatment Pg 632

32. Disk disorders and spinal stenosis Pg 632-637 In the next couple of minutes, discuss the etiology, prognosis and treatment of any disk disorders including spinal stenosis. Sharing personal information is welcomed

34. Functional disorders Pg 640 What are the two physiological causes of headaches and migraines?

35. Functional disorders Pg 640-641 A pain located in the head that is not confined to any one specific nerve area Two physiologic causes: Tension headache results from strain on facial, neck, and scalp muscles. Vascular headache is brought on when excess fluid in the blood vessels of the head causes the vessels to change in size.

36. Functional disorders Personal What CAM has worked for you when it comes to dealing with headaches and migraines?

37. Other neurological disorders Epilepsy Parkinson’s disease Huntington’s chorea Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Transient Global Amnesia Peripheral Neuritis Tic Douloureux Bell’s Palsy Meningitis Encephalitis Guillain-Barre’ syndrome Poliomyelitis

38. Chapter 14- Mental disorders What does ADHD stand for and what are the three subtypes of ADHD?

39. Chapter 14- Mental disorders ADHD: A condition of persistent inattention leading to hyperactivity and impulsivity. three subtypes of ADHD: – combined type (inattention and hyperactivity) – predominately inattentive – predominately hyperactivity-impulsive

40. Chapter 14- Mental disorders What are the symptoms and treatment methods for ADHD?