1. New Immigrants Old ImmigrantsNew Immigrants - Arrived before 1880- Arrived 1880 - 1910 - Came from Northern & Western Europe - Came from Southern and Eastern Europe - Were mainly Protestant Christians - Were mainly Catholics, Jews, or Orthodox Christians - Were culturally similar to original American settlers - Were culturally different from American settlers - Settled both in cities and in rural areas - Generally settled in cities

3. Ellis Island Families were quite upset when one family member was sent for further testing. They might just be separated forever.

4. Angel Island Immigrants were also processed on the West Coast in San Francisco. Due to increased racism, many people were detained for months.

5. Nativists freak out 1)They limit any Japanese person who was considered illiterate so American schools wouldn’t be “dragged down.” 2) They impose a literacy test on anyone who wanted to come to the US. 3) They get hard core about ‘American’ values. (Keep America as white as possible)

6. Segregation & Discrimination

7. Poll Taxes & Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow laws begun being passed in 1881 and kept rolling through the South. The Grandfather clause was one of these. Poll Taxes & Literacy Tests in the South kept Blacks and some whites from voting.

8. Plessy v. Ferguson Huge. This 1896 Supreme Court Landmark case made it OK for Southern States to segregate by race. Schools, churches, transportation, hospitals, etc.

9. Life Under Racial Rule Racial etiquette - This all stemmed from ‘knowing your place.’ Always be respectful of whites. NEVER give attitude. If you didn’t keep your place, lynching was common. Lynchings are associated with the South, but they have occurred in every state in the Union.

10. Jim Crow Laws A black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a white male because it implied being socially equal. Obviously, a black male could not offer his hand or any other part of his body to a white woman, because he risked being accused of rape. Blacks and whites were not supposed to eat together. If they did eat together, whites were to be served first, and some sort of partition was to be placed between them. Under no circumstance was a black male to offer to light the cigarette of a white female -- that gesture implied intimacy. Blacks were not allowed to show public affection toward one another in public, especially kissing, because it offended whites.

13. Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow etiquette prescribed that blacks were introduced to whites, never whites to blacks. For example: "Mr. Peters (the white person), this is Charlie (the black person), that I spoke to you about." Whites did not use courtesy titles of respect when referring to blacks, for example, Mr., Mrs., Miss., Sir, or Ma'am. Instead, blacks were called by their first names. Blacks had to use courtesy titles when referring to whites, and were not allowed to call them by their first names. If a black person rode in a car driven by a white person, the black person sat in the back seat, or the back of a truck. White motorists had the right-of-way at all intersections.

16. Stetson Kennedy, Jim Crow Guide Never assert or even intimate that a white person is lying. Never impute dishonorable intentions to a white person. Never suggest that a white person is from an inferior class. Never lay claim to, or overly demonstrate, superior knowledge or intelligence. Never curse a white person. Never laugh derisively at a white person. Never comment upon the appearance of a white female.

18. WEB DuBois v Booker T Washington Economic changeWanted to destroy racism Moral change Talented 10% Wanted to quietly raise up blacks.

19. Further Discrimination Mexicans - Debt peonage (similar to sharecropping) kept most Mexicans indebted to employer. Native Americans - Not considered citizens until 1924. Americanization with ‘native schools’ continued until the 1940’s. Asians - Couldn’t intermarry with whites in many states; segregated into own neighborhoods.