1. LECTURER : SALMA ALRDAHE Gologi Apparatus 3 rd lab

4. Diagram of secretory process from endoplasmic reticulum (orange) to Golgi apparatus (pink). 1. Nuclear membrane; 2. Nuclear pore; 3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); 4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); 5. Ribosome attached to RER; 6. Macromolecules; 7. Transport vesicles; 8. Golgi apparatus; 9. Cis face of Golgi apparatus; 10. Trans face of Golgi apparatus; 11. Cisternae of lipids

5. Gologi apparatus Gologi apparatus consist of many cisternae become in many layers and around them small vesicles. It found in most of animal cells (around 20 in each cell). It receive the vesicles that come from endoplasmic reticulum. Gologi apparatus add some carbohydrates compound to the lipids and proteins components. Then, these compound collected in special vesicles and split up from trans face of Gologi apparatus.

6. Vesicles There are many types of vesicles different in sizes, structures and in functions. The functions of vesicles: 1. Containing special materials inside. 2. Transport different materials inside the cell to complete its preparation. 3. Transport the materials to outside the cell.

7. The vesicles containing analysis enzymes There are two types of vesicles that contain analysis enzymes : 1. Lysosomes It has analysis enzymes for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The vesicles merge with the food vacuole and the enzymes analysis its contents and digest them. After that,the result of the digestion process spreads from the vacuole to the cytoplasm and the cell use it to built new components or to produce energy.

8. Production of Lysosomes

9. 2- Peroxisomes: This vesicles has enzymes which break organic compounds that produce hydrogen peroxide when decomposition. Then, break down these toxic compounds to oxygen and water( O2& H2O)