1. Spanish Conquests

2. Columbus The significance of Christopher Columbus reaching the Bahamas instead of Asia The significance of Christopher Columbus reaching the Bahamas instead of Asia That event brought together Europe, Africa, and the Americas That event brought together Europe, Africa, and the Americas

3. Explorers Goal’s Claim new land for their countries Claim new land for their countries Find gold Find gold Colonize new lands for wealth and riches Colonize new lands for wealth and riches

4. Amerigo Vespucci First to claim land discovered by Columbus was not Asia but land of a NEW WORLD First to claim land discovered by Columbus was not Asia but land of a NEW WORLD

5. Ferdinand Magellan First crew to circumnavigate the globe First crew to circumnavigate the globe 250 men 250 men 5 ships 5 ships Only 1 ship with 18 men finished the voyage Only 1 ship with 18 men finished the voyage

6. Vocabulary Colonies- lands that are controlled by another nation Colonies- lands that are controlled by another nation Conquistadors- Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16 th century Conquistadors- Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16 th century

7. Spanish Conquests in Mexico Hernando Cortes Hernando Cortes Lured by rumors of gold and silver Lured by rumors of gold and silver Colonized regions that would become: Colonized regions that would become: Mexico Mexico South America South America United States United States

8. Cortes Conquers Aztecs 600 Spaniards and Cortes marched inland to Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital 600 Spaniards and Cortes marched inland to Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital Aztec Emperor Montezuma thought Cortes was a god Aztec Emperor Montezuma thought Cortes was a god Gave Spaniards some of their gold supply Gave Spaniards some of their gold supply Conquistadors were not satisfied Conquistadors were not satisfied “disease of the heart that only gold can cure” Cortes “disease of the heart that only gold can cure” Cortes

9. Cortes Conquers Aztecs Many Aztec warriors and chiefs were killed by Cortes and his men during a religious festival- spring of 1520 Many Aztec warriors and chiefs were killed by Cortes and his men during a religious festival- spring of 1520 Aztecs rebelled against Spanish intruders and drove out Cortes and his men- June 1520 Aztecs rebelled against Spanish intruders and drove out Cortes and his men- June 1520

10. Cortes Conquers Aztecs Despite being outnumbered, Spaniards defeated Aztecs Despite being outnumbered, Spaniards defeated Aztecs Superior weaponry Superior weaponry Muskets, cannons, metal armor vs. arrows Muskets, cannons, metal armor vs. arrows Enlisted help of various native groups Enlisted help of various native groups Native woman translator named Malinche Native woman translator named Malinche Learned some natives resented Aztecs Learned some natives resented Aztecs Hated harsh practices and human sacrifice Hated harsh practices and human sacrifice Natives could not fight the invisible warrior Natives could not fight the invisible warrior Measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus Measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus

11. Cortes Conquers Aztecs Natives could not fight the invisible warrior Natives could not fight the invisible warrior Measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus Measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases thus never developing natural immunity to them Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases thus never developing natural immunity to them They died by the hundreds of thousands They died by the hundreds of thousands In time, European disease would truly devastate the natives of central Mexico, killing millions of them In time, European disease would truly devastate the natives of central Mexico, killing millions of them

12. Francisco Pizarro Conquistador Conquistador Marched a small group into South America Marched a small group into South America Conquered the Incan Empire Conquered the Incan Empire

13. Pizarro Subdues Inca Army of 200 men met Incan ruler Atahualpa and his force of several thousand unarmed men Army of 200 men met Incan ruler Atahualpa and his force of several thousand unarmed men Spaniards waited in ambush and crushed the Incan force and kidnapped Atahualpa Spaniards waited in ambush and crushed the Incan force and kidnapped Atahualpa Strangled Atahualpa and marched on Incan capital of Cuzco Strangled Atahualpa and marched on Incan capital of Cuzco Captured Cuzco in 1533 without a struggle Captured Cuzco in 1533 without a struggle

14. Fellow Conquistadors Defeated other native peoples Defeated other native peoples Conquered the Maya in Yucatan and Guatemala Conquered the Maya in Yucatan and Guatemala Spain’s American Empire Spain’s American Empire New Spain- New Spain- Mexico and parts of Guatemala Mexico and parts of Guatemala Lands in Central and South America Lands in Central and South America Lands in the Caribbean Lands in the Caribbean

15. Pattern of Conquest Spanish population in America mostly male Spanish population in America mostly male Relationships between Spanish men and native women was common Relationships between Spanish men and native women was common Created a mestizo population Created a mestizo population Mestizo- mixed Spanish and Native American population Mestizo- mixed Spanish and Native American population

16. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest Oppressed native population Oppressed native population While exploiting natural resources, they forces native Americans to work in system of encomienda While exploiting natural resources, they forces native Americans to work in system of encomienda Landlords received the rights to the natives’ labor from Spanish authorities Landlords received the rights to the natives’ labor from Spanish authorities Encomienda- natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords Encomienda- natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords

17. Portuguese in Brazil 1530’s- colonists began settling Brazil’s coastal regions 1530’s- colonists began settling Brazil’s coastal regions Found little gold and silver Found little gold and silver Cleared forest lands and built sugar plantations Cleared forest lands and built sugar plantations Sugar was in high demand in Europe Sugar was in high demand in Europe Colony enriched Portugal Colony enriched Portugal

18. Powerful Spain Richest most powerful country in 16 th century Richest most powerful country in 16 th century golden age of art and culture in Spain golden age of art and culture in Spain Powerful navy and military forces Powerful navy and military forces For a century and a half Spain seldom lost a battle For a century and a half Spain seldom lost a battle

19. Spain Pushes North Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain in 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain in 1513 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led an expedition for Spain throughout modern day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led an expedition for Spain throughout modern day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas Found little gold while searching for another wealthy empire Found little gold while searching for another wealthy empire

20. Catholic Headquarters Spanish monarchs assigned mostly Priests to explore and settle what is now modern day U.S. Spanish monarchs assigned mostly Priests to explore and settle what is now modern day U.S. Called this empire New Mexico Called this empire New Mexico Capital in Santa Fe, “Holy Faith” Capital in Santa Fe, “Holy Faith” Scattered missions, forts, and small ranches dotted the lands Headquarters for advancing the Catholic Religion

21. Encomienda Priests and missionaries spoke out against the harsh system of encomienda Priests and missionaries spoke out against the harsh system of encomienda Cruel to treat natives in that way Cruel to treat natives in that way Spanish abolished it in 1542 Spanish abolished it in 1542

22. African Slavery “The labor of one African is more valuable than that of four Indians” “The labor of one African is more valuable than that of four Indians” End of encomienda led to the beginning of the African slave trade End of encomienda led to the beginning of the African slave trade