1. The Atlantic World

2. The Voyages of Columbus
What we know What we want to know What we learned

3. Columbus Sets Sail Embarks from Spain in 1492 3 Ships- The Nina
The Pinta
The Santa Maria
Instead of sailing south around Africa then east, Columbus sails west across the Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route to Asia

4. Columbus Finds Land First sees land on October 12, 1492
Columbus lands on an island in the Bahamas
Claims the island for Spain, calls it San Salvador
Meets the inhabitants
-calls them los indios
*we still today mistakenly refer to
Native Americans as Indians
What observations does Columbus make in his journal of the natives?

5. Columbus Returns to Spain
Returns to Spain in early 1493
with six of the los indios
Spain agrees to finance three
more trips to the west
Columbus makes his 2nd trip in
September, 1493
-fleet of 17 ships
-over 1,000 soldiers,
crewmen, colonists

6. Chapter 20: Terms Colonies:
lands that are controlled by another nation
A group of people leave their native country to settle in a new land

7. The Voyages of Columbus
What we know What we want to know What we learned

8. Other Explorers Take to the Seas
Amerigo Vespucci
Also an Italian (who else was Italian?)
Sailed for Portugal
Traveled along the coast of South America and claimed that it was a “new land” not Asia
In 1507, a German mapmaker named the “new land” America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

9. Other Explorers Take to the Seas
Ferdinand Magellan
Convinced the king of Spain to fund a voyage to the Pacific Ocean which was yet to be explored
-set sail in 1519
-5 ships, 250 men
-reached the Philippines where Magellan dies
18 men and one ship make it back to Spain in 1522, the first people to sail around the world

10. AZTEC NEWS Assignment You will be working in teams
Your team should have:
1 (or 2) news anchors An Aztec citizen
An Aztec warrior A Conquistador
You will need to research and prepare a news broadcast of the events of the conquests of the Aztecs from 1519 to 1521
Groups will present their broadcasts to the class on Thursday, October 6th. Broadcasts/presentations must be between 5 and 8 minutes and will be timed.
Teams will be graded on their preparedness, the relevance of the questions in the broadcast, and the accuracy of their answers. Extra credit will be given for theatricality

11. AZTEC NEWS Assignment
News Anchors: Prepare a minimum of three questions for each of the guests on your news broadcast (an Aztec Citizen, an Aztec warrior, and a Spanish Conquistador)
Aztec Government Official: You will be speaking regarding the possible reasons for the conquests and its effects on the cities
Aztec Warrior: You will be speaking regarding fighting techniques and outcomes of the conquests
Conquistador: You will be speaking regarding fighting techniques and outcomes of the conquests
Keep in mind the 5 W’s of journalism: Who, What, Where, When, and Why

12. Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Questions/Keywords
Notes
Summary

13. Chapter 20: Terms Conquistadors: (conquerors)
Spanish explorers in the new world
Conquered much of the Americas for Spain and Portugal
Created colonies in Mexico, South America and the United States

14. The Aztec Empire: A Quick Review
Population: 200,000 to 400,00 in the early 1500’s
Built a central city with palaces, temples, and government buildings
Had “floating gardens” which produced large amounts of food to feed the large population
Had other goods such as cotton, gold, and jade

15. Spanish Conquests in Mexico
Hernando Cortes
A Spanish explorer
Lands on the shore of Mexico in 1519
Marches inland looking to conquer more new land for Spain

16. Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Cortez learns of the wealth and gold of the Aztecs-
marches with his men
to their capital
Montezuma sees Cortez in armor and thinks he is a god-
shares his gold supply
with Cortez

17. Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
In 1521 Cortez and his men conquer the Aztecs even though they were extremely outnumbered
How does he do this??

18. Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Superior weaponry: swords, muskets, and cannons vs. bow and arrows
Allies other native groups: resented the Aztecs for heavy taxes and harsh practices
Aztecs had no immunity to European diseases: mumps, measles, smallpox, typhus

19. Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
A Spanish Conquistador
Traveled with about 200 men to conquer land in South
America
Conquered the Incan Empire
in peru

20. Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
Called for a meeting with the Incans
- ambushed them and killed all but the Incan Ruler Atahualpa
Kidnapped Atahualpa
- asks for a ransom

21. Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
Incans gave a large sum of wealth (gold and silver) in exchange for Atahualpa’s release
After receiving the ransom,
Pizzaro killing Atahualpa

22. Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
After killing the Incan king, Pizzaro marched to
the Incan capital, Cuzco, and captures in
without struggle in 1533

23. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
A _________ population developed as Spanish men developed relationships with native women.
What is encomienda?
How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they treat their workers?

24. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
A _________ population developed as Spanish men developed relationships with native women.
mestizo
2. What is encomienda?
A system where natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords
3. How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they treat their workers?
They promised to treat workers fairly and with respect. They abused the natives and worked many laborers to death.

25. Chapter 20: Terms Encomienda:
A grant of land made by Spain to settlers in the Americas and the right to use Native Americans as laborers on the land
Mestizo:
A person of mixed Spanish and Native American Ancestry

26. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he find deplorable?
What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the encomienda system was abolished in 1542?
Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this time they had far greater concers. What were their concerns?

27. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he find deplorable?
A Dominican monk. The encomienda system
2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the encomienda system was abolished in 1542?
African slaves, who he believed to be harder workers
3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this time they had far greater concers. What were their concerns?
Other nations of Europe who had begun to build their own colonies in the Americas