1. BELL RINGER: Read Section 2 Handout
In your notes...
1. Rank three motives for exploration in terms of how influential you think each was in the Age of Exploration
2. List four of the advances that allowed for easier exploration during this time. Provide an explanation of each advance.

2. Section 2: Reading Check
1. Motives for exploration...
desire to find new trade routes to Asia
excitement over the opportunity for new knowledge
chance to earn fame and glory
chance for adventure
the desire to claim new lands’ riches and wealth
to spread Christianity.

3. Section 2: Reading Check
2. Advances...
Cartography: Improved mapmaking led to more accurate maps, which helped explorers by making navigation easier.
Ship design: Improved ship design, such as new caravels, improved navigation and the ability to explore along coastlines.
Compass and astrolabe: Improved compass and astrolabe gave more accurate direction and distance measurements, and helped sailors travel more safely on the open seas.
Weapons: Weapons using gunpowder and steel swords gave Europeans a huge military advantage over native peoples.

4. Spain Builds an American Empire
Chapter 20 Section 1
Spain Builds an American Empire

5. Objective
Analyze the voyages of Columbus and other Spanish explorers and the Spanish colonization of the Americas

6. Christopher Columbus Genoese Sea Captain
Searching for a new trade route to Asia
Sailed for Spain – August 3, 1492
“Tierra Tierra” October 12, 1492
Los indios
Claims the island for Spain
San Salvador
Page 553, Columbus’ journal
“It was my wish to bypass no island without taking possession”

7. What was the main goal of explorers?
A. To find a trade route around the world
B. To reach the Pacific Ocean
C. To abolish indigenous peoples
D. To find new sources of wealth

8. A. To find a trade route around the world
B. To reach the Pacific Ocean
C. To abolish indigenous peoples
D. To find new sources of wealth

9. Christopher Columbus Interested in finding GOLD
Spanish monarchs funded three more explorations
Spanish Goal: transform Caribbean islands into colonies (lands controlled by another nation)

10. What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World lead to?
A. Spanish colonization of Canada
B. Finding trade routes to Asia
C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic
D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia

11. A. Spanish colonization of Canada
B. Finding trade routes to Asia
C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic
D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia

12. Pedro Alvares Cabral Portuguese
Brazil, 1500 – claimed land for Portugal

14. Amerigo Vespucci Italian but sailing for Portugal (1501)
Sailed along East Coast of South America
Declared it was a “New World”!
Named “America” in honor of him

16. Vasco Nunez de Balboa Hijacked a ship
Marched through modern day Panama
1st European to see Pacific Ocean

18. Ferdinand Magellan Spanish funding $$ Started with: 250 men, 5 ships
Sailed around Southern tip of South America (Cape Horn)
Explored Pacific, 1519
Philippines
Killed in local civil war
Crew members – 1st to sail around the world
(1522) Ended with: 18 men, 1 ship

19. What was the significance of Magellan’s voyage?
A. Spanish colonization of Chile
B. First voyage around the globe
C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines
D. First voyage around Cape Horn

20. What was the significance of Magellan’s voyage?
A. Spanish colonization of Chile
B. First voyage around the globe
C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines
D. First voyage around Cape Horn

21. Spanish Conquest in Mexico Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador (Spanish explorers/conquerors)
Mexico
1st European settlers in America
Significantly impacted the culture in the regions they colonized
Aztec (Tenochtitlan)
Fighting between Spanish and Aztecs...Spanish outnumbered but still defeated Aztecs (1521)
“Disease of the heart that only gold can cure”

22. How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs in 1521?
1. Superior weaponry
2. help from other natives
3. disease (killed hundreds of thousands)

23. Interpreting the Map
PAGE 555
Question 1 and 2

24. Spanish Conquest in Peru Francisco Pizarro
1532 – conquered the Incan Empire, Peru
Atahualpa, Incan ruler, had a large army...but met the Spanish unarmed and was captured.
Offered Pizarro loads of gold

25. Peninsulares – Spanish explorers/settlers in the Americas
Mestizo – mixed Spanish and Native population
Encomienda – forced labor of Natives
Brazil, 1530, Portugal – sugar plantations
16th Century Spain – richest, most powerful in Europe
Increased military
Conquistadors push North

26. Juan Ponce de Leon
1513
Florida

27. Francisco Vaquez de Coronado
Explores southwestern North America
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas
Goal: to Christianize
Set up colony in New Mexico – scattered with missionaries, forts, and small ranches
Headquarters for advancing the Catholic Religion

28. Opposition Priests spoke out against harsh treatment of natives
Encomienda system abolished 1542
Natives resist
1st – against Columbus, St. Croix
New Mexico
1680 – Pueblo native forces of 8,000 pushed Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years
New issue: Other Europeans were beginning to colonize

29. What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World eventually lead to?
Sparked other European explorers to sail across the Atlantic in search of new lands to claim

30. Answer the following questions:
1. Reread the primary source on page 553. How might Columbus’s view of the Taino have led the Spanish to think they could take advantage of and impose their will on the natives?
2. Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?