1. WARM UP  What was the purpose of the Food Administration?

2. TREATY OF VERSAILLES SHOULD THE U.S. HAVE APPROVED THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES?

3. WHAT CONCLUSIONS CAN YOU DRAW FROM THIS CHART? WHAT ARE THE MOST STRIKING STATISTICS SEEN HERE?

5. VERDUN: CLOISTER OF THE HOTEL DE LA PRINCERIE Before After

6. VILLAGE OF ESNES Before After

7. PALACE OF JUSTICE, SENLIS Before After

8. WILSON + WORLD PEACE  Before war ends in November 1918, Wilson laid out a 14 point plan for peace.

9. 6 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 13

10. 6 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 1 no secret treaties 2 open sea travel 3 no trade barriers 4 reduce arms 5 rethink colonies, allow a voice for the colonized 6 Germany leaves Russia 7 Germany leaves Belgium 8 France gets back the Alsace-Lorraine 9 Italy leaves neighbor’s lands alone 10 Parts of Austria-Hungary to develop on their own 11 Many separate Balkan countries established 12 Turkey remains, other Ottoman lands go free 13 Poland established where Poles live 14 League of Nations made

11. 6 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 13

12. 6 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 1 no secret treaties 2 open sea travel 3 no trade barriers 4 reduce arms 5 rethink colonies, allow a voice for the colonized 6 Germany leaves Russia 7 Germany leaves Belgium 8 France gets back the Alsace-Lorraine 9 Italy leaves neighbor’s lands alone 10 Parts of Austria-Hungary to develop on their own 11 Many separate Balkan countries established 12 Turkey remains, other Ottoman lands go free 13 Poland established where Poles live 14 League of Nations made

13. NEGOTIATING PARTY  Representatives from Great Britain, France, Italy, and the U.S. (Big Four) meet in Versailles to negotiate peace.  Germany is NOT invited.  Big Four:  David Lloyd George (Great Britain)  Georges Clemenceau (France)  Vittorio Orlando (Italy)  Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)

14. ALLIES ARE OUT FOR BLOOD

15. NO TANKS NO U-BOATS NO AIRFORCE NO ARTILLERY NO GENERALS Only 12 cruisers or battleships Only 12 destroyers Only 100,000 soldiers Only 15,000 sailors 12-year military careers VERSIALLES TREATY PUNISHMENTS: MILITARY LIMITATIONS

16. VERSIALLES TREATY PUNISHMENTS: GUILT CLAUSE & REPARATIONS The “War Guilt Clause” – placed the blame for WWI on Germany Reparations – Fine/punishment placed on Germany.

17. VERSIALLES TREATY PUNISHMENTS: LAND LOSSES German lands are taken by surrounding nations. Germany is stripped of all African colonies (split between England and France).

18. NO TANKS NO U-BOATS NO AIRFORCE NO ARTILLERY NO GENERALS Only 12 cruisers or battleships Only 12 destroyers Only 100,000 soldiers Only 15,000 sailors 12-year military careers VERSIALLES TREATY PUNISHMENTS: MILITARY LIMITATIONS

19. VERSIALLES TREATY PUNISHMENTS: GUILT CLAUSE & REPARATIONS The “War Guilt Clause” – placed the blame for WWI on Germany Reparations – Fine/punishment placed on Germany.

20. VERSIALLES TREATY PUNISHMENTS: LAND LOSSES German lands are taken by surrounding nations. Germany is stripped of all African colonies (split between England and France).

21. AMERICAN OPPOSITION  Wilson needed 2/3 of Senate to ratify Treaty of Versailles  Reservationists: would ratify if Treaty said we didn’t have to provide troops to League of Nations  Irreconcilables: would never ratify Treaty because it might draw us into wars that are none of our business  Internationalists: wanted to ratify the Treaty; believed that all nations should work together to keep peace

22. RESULT  Wilson is unwilling to compromise with Republicans in Congress  Treaty is not ratified, U.S. signs a separate peace agreement  U.S. is not a member of the League of Nations

23. WARM UP  Who were the Big Four?

24. AMERICA AFTER THE WAR HOW DID THE U.S. CHANGE BECAUSE OF WWI?

25. ISOLATIONISM  Isolationism: policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs.  At Washington Naval Conference, world powers agree to stop building warships for 10 years.

26. THE RED SCARE  Red Scare=fear of communism  Palmer Raids: U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer (with help from J. Edgar Hoover) raided people’s homes to find evidence they were radicals

27. SACCO AND VANZETTI  Italian immigrants and anarchists  Accused of robbery and murder because witnesses said criminals were Italian  No evidence to support the case, they are executed anyway

28. NATIVISM  Americans are fearful of immigrants taking their jobs  KKK membership reaches 4.5 million in 1924  Quota system: established the maximum number of people who could enter the U.S. from each foreign country

29. SCANDAL HITS HARDING  President Harding appoints his friends to his cabinet (Ohio Gang) and they cause many scandals.  Teapot Dome Scandal: Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall sells federal land to oil executives and pocketed $400,000.