1. APUSH Out of Many, Chapters 2-3 David A. Lawson, M. Ed. Faragher, et. al. Upper Saddle River, NJ ©2011

2. Review of Chapter 1 “A Continent of Villages” (to 1500) We learned of thriving Pre-Colombian civilizations (e.g. the Cahokia, etc.) through archeological study Several waves of immigrants came to Norrth America via Beringia beginning about 30,000 years ago Increased hunting and temperatures after the Ice Age drove some large animals to extinction Agriculture, which in North America thrived most in the Mexican Highlands, led to settlements and the evolution of a class system.

3. What else did we learn? Acquisition of food affected religious beliefs, resulting in Hunting and Agrarian Traditions as well as the pantheistic view that people were connected to other living things and the environment. Numerous sophisticated societies arose across the continent, including present-day Mexico, the American Southwest, The Mississippi River valley, the Eastern Woodlands, etc.

4. Chapter 2 “When Worlds Collide” 1492-1590 Europeans were emerging from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance (which celebrated human potential) during these years. The Crusades (11 th -13 th centuries) and travels of Marco Polo in the 1200s opened trade routes to the East. The Roman Catholic (Christian) church held considerable power during these years, and the power of feudal lords declined as monarchies became stronger. The Black Death (bubonic plague) killed a 1/3 of Europe between 1347 and 1353, but the population rebounded by 1500.

5. Turning to the Sea Muslim occupation of Eastern lands drove Europeans to sea travel. The Portuguese developed their seafaring tradition to sail around Africa to Asia for trade Spain followed Portugal’s example, and Isabella and Ferdinand sent Columbus in search of fortune. Columbus had his own ideas of how to reach Asia. He arrived in the Carribean islands, where he encountered the Taino (Arawak) people.

6. Eventually, it was determined through the demarcation line of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) that Spain was entitled to western lands, and Portugal the eastern lands. This gave Spain the right to North America and most of South America.

7. The Spanish in North America Columbus wanted gold. He promised gold to the king and queen so they would continue to pay for his exploration. Converting the Indians to Christianity was a secondary concern, but Spain did begin a Franciscan mission system Spanish presence in North America devastated the Indians not only through war, but even more so through starvation, disease and a declining birthrate. Since colonization was not a priority, men came without families and often married natives, leading to the “frontier of inclusion” of mixed race (mestizo).

11. Columbian Exchange New World Gold, silver Corn, potatoes, beans, vanilla, chocolate Tobacco, cotton Old World Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee Horses, cows, pigs Smallpox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever Slaves from Africa

12. The French in North America The French established trade in North America in the beginning of the 17 th century along the St. Lawrence river under the direction of Samuel de Champlain. Business focused on fur-trapping. The French had a better relationship with Indians than did the Spanish, based on trade, Jesuit missionary activity was friendlier than were the Spanish Franciscan missions The French also practiced the “frontier of inclusion’’ through intermarriage with the Indians

14. English Overseas Activity in the 16 th Century England was motivated by an attempt to disrupt Spanish prosperity at sea. England invaded Ireland and attempted to establish colonies in order to compete with Spain. England, a Protestant country, ignored the Papal- decreed Treaty of Tordesillas. Jamestown (Chesapeake region), established in 1607, struggled and eventually succeeded due to the success of tobacco.

17. The Reformation Religious changes in the 16 th century led to the Reformation, a Protestant revolt against the dominance and (at that time) corruption of Catholicism. Notable Reformation leaders include Luther, Calvin, and England’s King Henry VIII. England became Protestant, but Puritans felt the Anglican church was still too “Catholic.” Conflicts led to relocation by Puritans to North America (New England region) in several waves beginning in 1620.

18. Chapter 3 “Planting Colonies in North America” 1588-1701 Spain inhabited New Mexico and Florida (where they forced the French Huguenots out of Fort Caroline), The French operated around the St. Lawrence River, but we’re mostly going to focus on the English.

19. Virginia (Chesapeake) Jamestown was founded by the Virginia Company, and eventually established a profitable tobacco industry. Conflict with Opechancanough and the Algonquians left the company bankrupt and the colony was made a royal colony. The House of Burgesses in 1619 became the first colonial representative legislature. Three-fourths of immigrants to this colony were indentured servants.

21. Maryland (Chesapeake) Granted by Charles I to the Calvert family, Lords Baltimore. They named the colony for the king’s wife. Proprietary colony, so the land was owned by the grantees of the charter for them to split up and sell. Because they were Catholic, this colony grew to have the largest Catholic minority.

22. Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies Plymouth (1620) – founded by Separatist Puritans. They were not financially successful, but they established the community they sought. Puritans who stayed in England to reform eventually left as well, founding Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. John Winthrop referred to it as a “city upon a hill” – an model of Christian community. Both colonies were family-oriented.

23. More about Puritans Intolerant religiously (followed Reformation ideas of Calivin), but highly literate. Harvard was established in 1636. Were intent on obtaining the land of the Algonquians, Wampanoags, and the Massachusetts Indians. Dissent caused some Puritans like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson to flee to Rhode Island. Were prone to witchcraft scares (Salem, 1692)

26. Source: Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for New England John Porter, Deputy Clerk to Edward Thoroughgood Weymouth, the 20th of March, 1635 1.Joseph Hull, of Somerset, a minister, aged 40 years 2.Agnes Hull, his wife, aged 25 years 3.Joan Hull, his daughter, aged 15 years 4.Joseph Hull, his son, aged 13 years 5.Tristram, his son, aged 11 years 6.Elizabeth Hull, his daughter, aged 7 years 7.Temperance, his daughter, aged 9 years 8.Grissel Hull, his daughter, aged 5 years 9.Dorothy Hull, his daughter, aged 3 years 10.Judith French, his servant, aged 20 years 11.John Wood, his servant, aged 20 years 12.Robert Dabyn, his servant, aged 28 years 13.Musachiell Bernard, of Batcombe, clothier in the county of Somerset, 24 years 14.Mary Bernard, his wife, aged 28 years 15.John Bernard, his son, aged 3 years 16.Nathaniel, his son, aged 1 year 21.Timothy Tabor, in Somerset of Batcombe, tailor, aged 35 years 22.Jane Tabor, his wife, aged 35 years 23.Jane Tabor, his daughter, aged 10 years 24.Anne Tabor, his daughter, aged 8 years 25.Sarah Tabor, his daughter, aged 5 years 26.William Fever, his servant, aged 20 years 27.John Whitmarke, aged 39 years 28.Alice Whitmarke, his wife, aged 35 years 29.James Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years 30.Jane, his daughter, aged 7 years 31.Onseph Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years 32.Rich. Whitmarke, his son, aged 2 years 74.Robert Lovell, husbandman, aged 40 years 75.Elizabeth Lovell, his wife, aged 35 years 76.Zacheus Lovell, his son, aged 15 years 77.Anne Lovell, his daughter, aged 16 years 78.John Lovell, his son, aged 8 years 79.Ellyn, his daughter, aged 1 year 80.James, his son, aged 1 year 81.Joseph Chickin, his servant, 16 years 82.Alice Kinham, aged 22 years 83.Angell Hollard, aged 21 years 84.Katheryn, his wife, 22 years 85.George Land, his servant, 22 years 86.Sarah Land, his kinswoman, 18 years 103.John Hoble, husbandman, 13 104. Robert Huste, husbandman, 40… Source: Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia. Ultimo July, 1635 These underwritten names are to be transported to Virginia, embarked in the Merchant's Hope, Hugh Weston, Master, per examination by the minister of Gravesend touching their conformity to the Church discipline of England, and have taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy: Edward Towers 26 Henry Woodman 22 Richard Seems 26 Vyncent Whatter 17 James Whithedd 14 Jonas Watts 21 Peter Loe 22 Geo. Brocker 17 Henry Eeles 26 Jo. Dennis 22 Tho. Swayne 23 Charles Rinsden 27 Jo. Exston 17 Wm. Luck 14 Jo. Thomas 19 Jo. Archer 21 Richard Williams 25 Francis Hutton 20 Savill Gascoyne 29 Rich. Bulfell 29 Rich. Jones 26 Tho. Wynes 30 Humphrey Williams22 Edward Roberts 20 Martin Atkinson 32 Edward Atkinson 28 Wm. Edwards 30 Nathan Braddock31 Jeffrey Gurrish 23 Henry Carrell 16 Tho. Tyle 24 Gamaliel White 24 Richard Marks 19 Tho. Clever 16 Jo. Kitchin 16 Edmond Edwards 20 Lewes Miles 19 Jo. Kennedy 20 Sam Jackson 24 Allin King 19 Rowland Sadler 19 Jo. Phillips 28 Daniel Endick 16 Jo. Chalk 25 Jo. Vynall 20 Edward Smith 20 Jo. Rowlidge 19 Wm. Westlie 40 Jo. Smith 18 Jo. Saunders 22 Tho. Bartcherd 16 Tho. Dodderidge 19 Richard Williams 18 Jo. Ballance 19 Wm. Baldin 21 Wm. Pen 26 Jo. Gerie 24 Henry Baylie 18 Rich. Anderson 50 Robert Kelum 51 Richard Fanshaw22 Tho. Bradford 40 Wm. Spencer 16 Marmaduke Ella 22 Women: Ann Swayne 22 Eliz. Cote 22 Ann Rice 23 Kat. Wilson 23 Maudlin Lloyd 24 Mabell Busher 14 Annis Hopkins 24 Ann Mason 24 Bridget Crompe 18 Mary Hawkes 19 Ellin Hawkes 18 Documents B & C from the 1993 DBQ

27. Restoration Colonies Were proprietary colonies, based on Maryland’s model So-called because Charles II granted these charters to reward those who’d helped restore the English monarchy Carolinas – plantation based economy with slaves from the West Indies New York – The English pressured the Dutch into giving up this colony. The most diverse of the English colonies. New Jersey became a separate colony later. Pennsylvania – became home to Quakers and a diverse group of cultures, religions, and dissenters. Lived in relative peace Algonquian and Delaware Indians. Delaware the colony became self-governing in 1704

29. Conflicts King Philip’s War (1675-1676)- Conflict between the Puritans and Metacomet & the Wampanoags over land. Bacon’s Rebellion (1675-1676)- Backcountry v. Tidewater conflict. Nathaniel Bacon attacked Jamestown because governor Berkeley prohibited frontier attacks on Indians. Glorious Revolution in America (1689) King William’s War (1689-1697) First in a series of conflicts between England and France that would continue until 1763.

31. Summary Europe emerged into the Renaissance, eager to travel and trade based on trade routes opened by the Crusades. Europe used sea travel to avoid overland conflicts. The Columbian Exchange established by Spain. demonstrated the impact of three colliding colonies. The French and English soon followed. Economic and religious motives fueled colonization. The Reformation spawned migration by “persecuted” groups to North America

32. Summary, continued The 17 th century saw the growth of New Spain in the Southwest, New France in the Northeast, and a dozen English colonies on the East coast The English colonies enjoyed limited self-rule for much of the 1600s, but England increased its supervision of the colonies more after the Glorious Revolution of 1689. The century ended with the beginning of a series of conflicts between the French and English over territory and trading rights in North America.