1. Organelles Of the Cell

2. Nucleus Appearance: Large oval Location: varies; in cytoplasm
Function: Control center for all cell functions

3. Cytoplasm Appearance: Clear Fluid Location: Inside the cell
Function: Suspends organelles; site of chemical reactions

4. Nucleolus Appearance: Round structure inside the nucleus
Location: Inside the nucleus
Function: Site of RNA synthesis; Produces ribosomes

5. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Appearance: Surrounds the cell
Location:
Plant = inside the cell wall
Animal = outer layer
Semipermeable
Composed of lipids and proteins
Function: controls materials passing into and out of cell

6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
Appearance: mesh of hollow passageways with ribosomes attached
Location: Connected to nucleus and the plasma membrane
Function: Acts like a conveyer belt transporting proteins out of cell
Rough ER

7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
Appearance: Mesh of hollow passageways
Location: connected to nucleus and plasma membrane
Function: produces lipids; transports lipids

8. Ribosomes Appearance; small round granules
Location: Free in the cytoplasm; attached to the ER
Function: synthesize proteins
Proteins made are used by the cell or moved out of the cell and used by other cells

9. Golgi Apparatus (body)
Appearance: flattened sacs
Location: Near the ER
Function: Temporary storage; packaging and secretion of proteins (hormones, enzymes) and lipids (fats)
Produces lysosomes

10. Mitochondria
Appearance: usually bean shaped with folded membranes inside for greater surface are = more energy
Location: in cytoplasm; many mitochondria in cell if cell is active
Function: powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (glucose  ATP)

11. Vacuoles Appearance: cavities filled with fluids Location:
Plant: usually one large water filled vacuole (maintains structure)
Animals: many tiny vacuoles called vesicles
Function: storage of water, fats, starch, etc.
Two types
Contractile vacuole: removes excess water and wastes
Food vacuole: breaks down/stores food

13. Lysosomes Appearance: Egg-shaped, membrane bound structure
Produced by the Golgi Bodies
Location: ONLY found in animal cells
Function: contains digestive enzymes that break down molecules
Aids in the digestion of nutrients
Break down destructive cells (bacteria)

14. Cytoskeleton
Appearance: Network of thin, fibrous proteins (microtubules and microfilaments)
Location: entire cell
Function: Act as a sort of scaffold to provide support for organelles
Helps maintain cell shape

15. Microfilaments Appearance: Long, thread-like proteins
Location: a part of the cytoskeleton
Function: Associated with muscle contractions in large organisms
Associated with cell movement

16. Microtubules Appearance: Thin, hollow cylinders of protein
Location: Part of the cytoskeleton
Function: Provides shape and rigidity to the cell
Assists organelles to move from place to place

17. Cilia Appearance: thin hair-like projections
Location: Formed from specialized microtubules
Attached to outside of cell
Function: aid in movement and locomotion (Intestinal cells)

18. Flagella Appearance: whip-like tails
Location: Formed from specialized microtubules
Attached to outside of cell
Function: Aid in movement and locomotion (sperm)

19. Chromatin Appearance: strings of “spaghetti” Location: Inside nucleus
Function: Uncoiled DNA; involved in duplicating the cells
Coils into chromosomes during cell division

20. Chromosomes Appearance: coiled chromatin Location: inside nucleus
Function: contains genetic information (DNA)

21. Centrioles Appearance: two small structures
Location: Found outside the centrosome (only in animal cells)
Function: Moves chromosomes during cell division

22. Plastids (only in plant cells)
Appearance: varies
Have own DNA
Location: ONLY in plants
Function: based on type: Leucoplast (stores starch); chromoplasts (stores pigments); chloroplast (stores chlorophyll for photosynthesis)

23. Chloroplast
Appearance: small, circular green (contains chlorophyll - green pigment)
Location: Only in plants
Function: Site of photosynthesis

24. Cell Wall Appearance: Location: Functions: made of cellulose
Rigid, strong, stiff structure
Location:
Surrounds the cell membrane (only in plants)
Functions:
Support and protection
Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide to pass into and out of the cell

25. Note: All the organelles work together!
For example, after some proteins are made by the ribosomes, the rough ER transports these proteins to the Golgi apparatus, then the Golgi makes vesicles that can fuse with the cell’s plasma membrane to release proteins to the environment outside the cell or used within the cell.

29. microfilaments Smooth ER Ribosomes Nucleolus Centrioles Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
microfilaments
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Chromatin
Microtubule
Nucleus
Rough ER
Cell membrane
Vacuole

30. Plastid Nucleolus Chromatin Smooth ER Nucleus Chloroplast Cell wall
Microtubules
Plastid
Ribosomes
Microfilaments
Central water
vacuole
Nucleolus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Chromatin
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Rough ER