1. Spain Looks Westward Key Question - What elements of a society's worldview might lead to a desire to create an empire? How much does geography control in our lives today?.

2. Perspective is Everything!!!

3. Part 1: Geography and Religion Key Question - How might the location of a country influence its religious experience? Look at the map and consider where Italy and Spain are located What is a Caliphate? Area controlled by the Muslim’s

4. Geography and Religion  The people of Spain have a saying: “ La geographica manda, ” which means, “ Geography controls everything. ”  Spain ’ s location between Africa and Europe had a great influence on its religious history.

5. 711 a Muslim force crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and landed in Spain Muslims conquered almost the entire Iberian Peninsula, that is, Spain and Portugal. Learning was greatly valued in Muslim society Muslim Spain was a society that was relatively tolerant of religious minorities.

6. What is happening in the map? The Spanish are taking back territory from the Muslims What do you think was the motivation behind this? The Christians no longer wanted to live under a Muslim rule How were the Christians able to regain their land? The Muslim rulers couldn’t get along and were no longer unified The Reconquista began as a way for the Christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence.

7. Reconquista Final Thought After the Reconquista, Muslims and Jews who lived in Spain were forced to convert to Christianity or they were expelled from the country. Who had more tolerance of other religions ?

8. Key Question - In what ways did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella impose their religious worldview on Spanish society?

9. Creating a Christian Spain Think about Canada’s history. Choose three events that you think have strongly influenced the thinking of Canadians. Why do you think the Muslim presence in Spain and the Christian Reconquista might have been significant factors in King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella’s thinking about religion in Spain?

11. What do they decide to do? Monty Python Spoof On It

12. Spanish Inquisition

13. Step # 1 – Unite Spain under one Religion and put believers of other religions on trial Look at “Exploring Sources” on Pg. 203 and answer three questions Can you remember another person who was brought before the Inquisition on charges of heresy? He renounced his beliefs to avoid torture and death and lived the rest of his life under house arrest.

14. Step Two in creating a Christian Spain: Give the Moors (Spanish Muslims) an ultimatum: Convert or be Exiled Good thing this would never happen in Canada, eh? Pg 204

15. Remember me!!!!!

16. Four Corner Debate: Was the expulsion of the Muslims and Jews during the Spanish Inquisition justified? Stand in the corner of the room that corresponds with your opinion. Be prepared to argue and persuade others to join your side. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

17. Jews and Muslims had to decide: Convert or be exiled? - Some decided to leave Spain - Some pretended to convert - Both Muslims and Jews continued to live in fear of the Spanish Inquisition

18. What were the consequences of the Spanish Inquisition for Spain? Pg. 204 1. Spanish Jews and Muslims had formed a large part of the educated middle class 2. Many were financiers and business people 3. loss of their skills made it difficult for Spain to maintain economic growth at the end of the 1400s. Why is this important today? Fast Forward Pg. 205

19. Spreading Catholicism As Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella believed it was their religious duty to convert as many people as possible. Fear that the Muslims were spreading Islam throughout the Middle East and Asia motivated them to support Columbus as he promised that he would help convert the people that he discovered. Christian missionaries would convert millions of Indigenous peoples all over the world.

20. Key Question - In what ways did the desire for gold and glory shape Spanish actions during the 1400s and 1500s? Read the opening paragraph on page 207 and discuss the questions.

21. Gold and Glory  As we learned, one of the key motivations for European explorers was the search for gold.  Explorers wanted to be wealthy.  The monarchs who supported the explorers needed gold to support their countries ’ economies.  European economies were based on their supplies of gold and silver during the Renaissance.

22. Gold and Glory: Wealth for Spain  Columbus found small amounts of gold in his early voyages, but he exaggerated how much there was in the areas he visited.  As a result, the king and queen were happy to continue to support Columbus ’ s voyages.  The desire for trade and gold drove Spain ’ s exploration of the American continents.

23. Read pages 207 and 208 which examine the issue of wealth for Spain. Note down the advantages and disadvantages Advantages to WealthDisadvantages to Wealth Country can pay for improved services Can lead to wars; desire for more gold

24. Gold was an important part of the economy of all the kingdoms of the Renaissance, including Spain. A country wealthy in gold could: 1. Buy natural resources it lacked. Spain had to import a lot of it's food supplies because of its geography. 2. Pay for wars and protect their borders - By 1469, Spain had used a lot of gold fighting the Muslims during the Reconquista. ` 3. Buy ships and conquer other territories, where they hoped to find more gold.

25. Taking a Risk for Glory  Not all people who risked going to the Americas were people who sought riches.  Some wanted to make a name for themselves and to earn respect in Spain for finding new lands.  Cortés, who we will be learning about in the next chapter, was already a wealthy man before he went to the Americas. He was seeking glory and fame.

26. Knightly Qualities  Military success  Loyalty  Fairness  Faith in God  All these qualities became part of the code of chivalry, which governed the behaviour of all Christian soldiers.

27. Up Next!!!!!