1. What strategies and policies exist? Learning intention To understand

2. Starter: Key players! State one Global player in ecosystem management State one Local player in ecosystem management State one National player in ecosystem management

3. Activate: What is the spectrum of conservation strategies? There is a spectrum of conservation strategies available, from complete protection through various types of ‘sustainable development’ to commercially exploited areas where limited parts are protected …often for publicity! The total area of land and number of protected sites is increasing. Poland, Ecuador and New Zealand now have 25% of their land protected.

4. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Activate: What is happening to the extent of global protection? Website: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-4252http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-4252 UK biodiversity indicators Website: http://www.unep.org/PDF/Un-list-protected- areas.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/PDF/Un-list-protected- areas.pdf See graph p. 92

5. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Activate: What sort of protection? In the 1960’s total protection was the only method of conservation! In the 1980’s biosphere reserves were established with buffer zones…for use by local people 21 ST Century conservation now means species protection, scientific reserves, as well as incorporating economic development with biodiversity. What factors is successful conservation influenced by?

6. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Demonstrate: What are the problems with the ‘total protection strategy’? In LEDCs conflict between conservation and cutting people off from biodiversity Totally protected reserves can be focussed on for scientific purposes and fail to see that conservation is influence by social, economic, etc Many schemes were based on political and economic boundaries where as ecosystems are defined by natural borders!! Coordination from outside agencies which do not always know about needs of local people

7. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Activate: What are biosphere reserves? Reserves are a popular strategy. Many are in favour of ‘corridor’ like reserves running north-south. Global warming drives species from the poles will still be protected! Many people feel that conservation should target ‘hotspots’. WWF favours a broad approach to save larger areas and more species. Some others feel we should concentrate in LEDCs where it would cost less and get better value for money.

8. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Activate: What is restoration? Restoration is the ultimate conservation challenge. Recreating wetlands or linking up smaller reserves e.g. Great Fen project in East Anglia They are expensive and must have economic benefits to be justifiable e.g. nature reserve from a quarry.

9. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Activate: What is conservation? Most strategies are in situ but protection of endangered species can also be done ex situ e.g. captive breeding, seed banks and botanic gardens. Species such as the Giant Panda have been saved like this. Can these strategies work together? What are the advantages of captive breeding programmes?

10. WALT To understand the strategies and polices in place for management Success Criteria A – Examine the success/ failure of the polices and strategies at a range of scales C – Describe and explain the strategies and their success rate Demonstrate: So what is the best method? Using the table you have been given you need to work out which methods are more or less sustainable? For each type of strategy, summarise it, give an example and state a positive and negative of that strategy. Then from a sustainable view point rank them in order of success. Homework: Describe strategies and polices of managing biodiversity Examine the sustainability of these strategies

11. http://app.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/PAG-008.pdf