1. 7-3.3 Latin American Revolutions Vocabulary
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Simon Bolivar
Miguel Hidalgo
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Jose De San Martin

2. Peninsulares
upper class- pure-blooded Spanish- FROM SPAIN

3. Creoles
pure-blooded Spanish but born in the colonies

4. Mestizos
Spanish mixed with Native American heritage- largest group and leader of the revolutions

5. Mulattoes
Spanish mixed with African heritage- lowest social class

6. Simon Bolivar
led independence movement in South America

7. Miguel Hidalgo
Priest who led independence movement in Mexico

8. Toussaint L’Ouverture
led slave revolt in Haiti

9. Jose de San Martin
led independence movement in Argentina

10. Latin America Revolutions
Standard: 7-3.3

11. 1. Social Order
Inspired by nationalism and the American and French Revolutions, Latin Americans formed their own movements for freedom.
There were struggles among the social classes:
At the top were the Peninsulares
Next came the Creoles
Next, and Largest, group was the Mestizos
Lowest was the Mulattos
All groups hated the Spanish and Portuguese rule.

12. 2. Revolution in Haiti
Inspired by the American and French Revolutions, a new revolution began on the French colony of Saint-Dominique. The people were ready for change!
In 1791, 100,000 slaves revolted under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture.

13. 2. Revolution in Haiti cont.
L’Ouverture freed all of the slaves.
The French sent an army to fight them and reclaim French property.
L’Ouverture was arrested and died in a French prison.
Haiti declared its independence
from France in 1804.

14. 3. Social Uprisings
Of all the social classes, the creoles led the majority of the independence movements.
The ideas of the Enlightenment inspired the creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes to revolt against the peninsulares and the mother country.

15. 4. Mexican Revolution
In Mexico a priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, led mestizos and Native Americans in a revolution against Spain.
In 1810, Hidalgo’s uprising was defeated by the peninsulares.
In 1823 Mexico finally won its independence and declared itself a republic.

16. 4. South American Independence
Simon Bolivar was a leading revolutionary in South America.
He led revolts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Bolivia.
He joined forces with Jose de San Martin, the liberator of Chile, to free Peru.
By 1824 nearly all of South America had successfully
revolted and won its independence.
E. Temporarily, Bolivar united all of these countries
as Gran Colombia.