2.  Argentina  Bolivia  Brazil  Chile  Colombia  Costa Rica  Cuba  Dominican Republic  Ecuador  El Salvador  Guatemala  Honduras  Mexico  Nicaragua  Panama  Paraguay  Peru  Puerto Rico  Uruguay  Venezuela LIST ALL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES YOU KNOW. Type 1: Five educated guesses

3. All notes will go on pages 124 and 125

4.  What caused discontent in Latin America?  How did Haitians, Mexicans, and people in Central and South America win independence?  What were the effects of the revolutions in Latin America.

5.  Revolutionary “fever” spread from the U.S. and France to Latin America  Discontent was rooted in social, racial, and political systems that emerged during 300 years of Spanish rule.

6.  Creoles resented their second-class status  Mestizos & mulattoes were angry at being denied the status, wealth, and power available to whites  Millions of Native Americans massacred & now suffered economic misery under Spanish rule  Enslaved Africans wanted freedom

7. HAITIMEXICOCENTRAL AMERICA In 1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture led slaves in revolt. By 1798, enslaved Haitians had been freed. In 1804, Haitian leaders declared independence. In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo and José Morales led popular revolts. Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1821. Spanish-ruled lands declared their independence in the early 1820s. Local leaders set up the United Provinces of Central America, which eventually fell apart to form separate nations (Honduras, Costa Rica, etc.).

8.  Simon Bolívar, called “The Liberator”, led an uprising that established a republic in Venezuela. He then captured Bogotá, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

9.  In 1816, José de San Martín helped Argentina win freedom from Spain. He then joined forces with Bolívar.

11. Long-Term CausesImmediate Causes European domination of Latin America Spread of Enlightenment ideas American and French revolutions Growth of nationalism in Latin America People of Latin America resent colonial rule and social injustices Revolutionary leaders emerge Napoleon invades Spain and ousts Spanish king Immediate EffectsLong-Term Effects Toussaint L‘Ouverture leads slave revolt in Haiti Bolívar, San Martín, and others lead successful revolts in Latin America Colonial rule ends in much of Latin America Attempts made to rebuild economies 18 separate republics set up Continuing efforts to achieve stable democratic governments and to gain economic independence

12.  Describe how one of the causes listed in your notes lead to one of the effects also found in your notes. Imagine you must explain this to your 4 th grade cousin. So be clear and use language he/she would understand. Type 2